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Sines em época romana: uma conciliação de produções
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A presente tese é fruto de um trabalho arqueológico preventivo realizado durante o projeto de “Recuperação e Musealização das Fábricas Romanas de Sines” promovido pela Câmara Municipal de Sines, designado com o acrónimo SALGAS, entre 2017 e 2018.
A intervenção arqueológica foi realizada no Largo João de Deus, em Sines, na área exterior da Fábrica A de preparados de peixe e permitiu identificar novos contextos arqueológicos associados a uma componente artefactual de cronologia romana.
O atual Largo João de Deus foi, durante a época romana, densamente ocupado por oficinas de transformação de peixe, uma oficina metalúrgica e uma olaria. O estudo do espólio arqueológico exumado possibilitou a interpretação e datação dos contextos arqueológicos, evidenciando-se dois momentos distintos de ocupação. Na década de 1990, o Largo João de Deus foi escavado por Carlos Tavares da Silva e Antónia Coelho-Soares (2006) que identificaram uma fábrica de preparados de peixe construída durante o século I d.C. A oficina metalúrgica identificada em 2017 terá laborado entre o século I e finais do século II, inícios do III d.C., momento em que as fábricas de preparados de peixe terão sofrido alterações e remodelações, tendo-se registado contextos domésticos no interior da Fábrica A com uma ocupação entre o século III e o IV d.C. (Silva, Coelho-Soares, 2016: 106-108).
A intervenção arqueológica de 2017 identificou também um forno de produção de cerâmica a um metro de distância da fábrica. Contudo, não foi permitido a escavação desse contexto que permitiria esclarecer o tipo de produção e a possibilidade determinar Sines como centro produtor de ânforas, tese defendida por Dias Diogo e Reiner (1987).
A coexistência de várias oficinas com produções distintas durante o mesmo período cronológico, colocava a questão de uma conciliação de produções. Seria possível a coexistência tão próxima de uma oficina poluente como a indústria de redução e transformação de minério ao lado de uma oficina de transformação de peixe? A intervenção arqueológica de 2017/2018 permitiu esclarecer esta questão e identificar novos contextos arqueológicos e dois rituais associados à sacralização do espaço: um no Setor 3, na oficina metalúrgica, e o outro no Setor 4, num contexto doméstico. No âmbito da presente dissertação, foi concretizado o estudo do espólio arqueológico exumado que permitiu datar os vários contextos, bem como apresentar uma nova cronologia para a construção da Fábrica A. O estudo do espólio proveniente de contextos de aterro e abandono, com exceção de alguns contextos do Setor 4 e da Estrutura 5 do Setor 3, permitiu caraterizar as preferências de consumo e a importação de cerâmica fina, que são compatíveis com as duas fases de ocupação do Largo João de Deus.
This thesis is the result of a preventive archaeological work carried out during the project "Recovery and Musealisation of the Roman Factories of Sines" promoted by the Municipality of Sines, designated with the acronym SALGAS, between 2017 and 2018. The archaeological intervention was carried out at Largo João de Deus, in Sines, outside the Fish Sauce Factory A and allowed the identification of new archaeological contexts associated with an artefactual component of roman chronology. During Roman times, the present-day Largo João de Deus was densely occupied by fish processing workshops, a metallurgical workshop and a pottery. The study of the exhumed archaeological remains made it possible to interpret and date the archaeological contexts, showing two distinct moments of occupation. In the 1990’s, Largo João de Deus was dug by Carlos Tavares da Silva and Antónia Coelho-Soares (2006) who have documented a fish preparation factory built during the 1st century AD. The metallurgical workshop documented in 2017 would have operated between the 1st century and the end of the 2nd century, maybe beginning of the 3rd century AD. At that time the fish preparation workshops will have undergone changes and remodelling, and domestic contexts have been documented inside Factory A showing occupation between the 3rd century and the 4th century AD (Silva, Coelho-Soares, 2016: 106-108). During the 2017 archaeological works, a pottery production kiln was also documented within a meter from the factory. However, its digging was not allowed. It would have enabled us the understand the production type and the possibility of Sines being an amphorae production centre, thesis defended by Dias Diogo e Reiner (1987). The coexistence of several workshops with different trades during the same chronological period raised the issue of trade simultaneity. Would it have been possible to have such a polluting workshop as the mining smelting and processing industry side by side with a fish processing workshops? The 2017/2018 archaeological works have brought light into this issue and have categorized new archaeological contexts, as well as two rituals associated with the sacralization of space: one in Sector 3, in the metallurgical workshop and the other in Sector 4 in a domestic context. In the framework of the present thesis, the analysis of the exhumed archaeological remains was consolidated. This made it possible to date all different contexts and to present a new chronology concerning Factory A construction. The analysis of remains from contexts of dumps and abandonment, with the exception of some contexts in Sector 4 and Structure 5 in Sector 3, has enabled the categorization of consumption preferences and the import of fine ceramics, which are compatible with the two phases of occupation of Largo João de Deus.
This thesis is the result of a preventive archaeological work carried out during the project "Recovery and Musealisation of the Roman Factories of Sines" promoted by the Municipality of Sines, designated with the acronym SALGAS, between 2017 and 2018. The archaeological intervention was carried out at Largo João de Deus, in Sines, outside the Fish Sauce Factory A and allowed the identification of new archaeological contexts associated with an artefactual component of roman chronology. During Roman times, the present-day Largo João de Deus was densely occupied by fish processing workshops, a metallurgical workshop and a pottery. The study of the exhumed archaeological remains made it possible to interpret and date the archaeological contexts, showing two distinct moments of occupation. In the 1990’s, Largo João de Deus was dug by Carlos Tavares da Silva and Antónia Coelho-Soares (2006) who have documented a fish preparation factory built during the 1st century AD. The metallurgical workshop documented in 2017 would have operated between the 1st century and the end of the 2nd century, maybe beginning of the 3rd century AD. At that time the fish preparation workshops will have undergone changes and remodelling, and domestic contexts have been documented inside Factory A showing occupation between the 3rd century and the 4th century AD (Silva, Coelho-Soares, 2016: 106-108). During the 2017 archaeological works, a pottery production kiln was also documented within a meter from the factory. However, its digging was not allowed. It would have enabled us the understand the production type and the possibility of Sines being an amphorae production centre, thesis defended by Dias Diogo e Reiner (1987). The coexistence of several workshops with different trades during the same chronological period raised the issue of trade simultaneity. Would it have been possible to have such a polluting workshop as the mining smelting and processing industry side by side with a fish processing workshops? The 2017/2018 archaeological works have brought light into this issue and have categorized new archaeological contexts, as well as two rituals associated with the sacralization of space: one in Sector 3, in the metallurgical workshop and the other in Sector 4 in a domestic context. In the framework of the present thesis, the analysis of the exhumed archaeological remains was consolidated. This made it possible to date all different contexts and to present a new chronology concerning Factory A construction. The analysis of remains from contexts of dumps and abandonment, with the exception of some contexts in Sector 4 and Structure 5 in Sector 3, has enabled the categorization of consumption preferences and the import of fine ceramics, which are compatible with the two phases of occupation of Largo João de Deus.
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Escavações arqueológicas - Sines (Portugal) Vestígios arqueológicos romanos - Sines (Portugal) Cerâmica romana - Sines (Portugal) Sítios arqueológicos - Largo São João de Deus (Sines, Portugal) Teses de mestrado - 2021