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Estudo ergonómico das condições de trabalho de motoristas de veículos pesados de mercadorias
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A função de motorista de veículo pesado de mercadorias está sujeita a ambientes de alta complexidade com pouca autonomia ou controlo. Desta forma, é importante analisar a atividade desta função e as condições de trabalho a que os motoristas estão expostos, gradualmente e ao longo do tempo. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de analisar os vários fatores de risco associados à atividade de trabalho dos motoristas de veículos pesados, de transporte nacional, em Portugal. A amostra do estudo é de 79 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 21 e os 65 anos. Foi aplicado um questionário, a cada um dos participantes, de forma a recolher informações sobre as variáveis sociodemográficas, os veículos, a atividade de trabalho e tarefas associadas, a organização do trabalho e as consequências da atividade. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram que 44,3% da amostra, encontrava-se acima do peso e que 31,6% tinha obesidade tipo I ou II. Foi também possível identificar a associação entre a idade e a antiguidade de profissão com a existência de problemas de saúde, sendo que o grupo de indivíduos com mais idade e com mais antiguidade tinha mais problemas de saúde. Em relação à existência de dores corporais, 58,2% dos participantes afirmou a existência das mesmas, onde as zonas lombar e cervical foram as regiões corporais com mais respostas, com 38% e 19%, respetivamente. Num futuro próximo, tendo como base este estudo, podem ser realizados outros estudos, onde se consiga propor melhorias nas condições de trabalho, criando programas ou medidas no seio das organizações e na sua forma de trabalhar, por forma a melhorarem as suas condições de saúde e segurança, mas também a sua produtividade.
The job of truck driver is subject to highly complex environments with little autonomy or control. It is therefore important to analyse the activity of this role and the working conditions that drivers are exposed to, gradually and over time. This study was carried out with the aim of analysing the various risk factors associated with the work activity of national truck drivers in Portugal. The study sample consisted of 79 participants aged between 21 and 65. A questionnaire was administered to each participant in order to collect information on sociodemographic variables, vehicles, work activity and associated tasks, work organisation and the consequences of the activity. The results of the study showed that 44.3% of the sample was overweight and 31.6% had type I or II obesity. It was also possible to identify an association between age and length of service in the profession and the existence of health problems, with the group of individuals who were older and had more years of service having more health problems. With regard to the existence of body pain, 58.2% of the participants said they had it, with the lower back and neck being the body segments with the most responses, with 38% and 19% respectively. In the near future, based on this study, other studies could be carried out in which improvements in working conditions could be proposed, creating programmes or measures within organisations and in the way they work, in order to improve their health and safety conditions, but also their productivity.
The job of truck driver is subject to highly complex environments with little autonomy or control. It is therefore important to analyse the activity of this role and the working conditions that drivers are exposed to, gradually and over time. This study was carried out with the aim of analysing the various risk factors associated with the work activity of national truck drivers in Portugal. The study sample consisted of 79 participants aged between 21 and 65. A questionnaire was administered to each participant in order to collect information on sociodemographic variables, vehicles, work activity and associated tasks, work organisation and the consequences of the activity. The results of the study showed that 44.3% of the sample was overweight and 31.6% had type I or II obesity. It was also possible to identify an association between age and length of service in the profession and the existence of health problems, with the group of individuals who were older and had more years of service having more health problems. With regard to the existence of body pain, 58.2% of the participants said they had it, with the lower back and neck being the body segments with the most responses, with 38% and 19% respectively. In the near future, based on this study, other studies could be carried out in which improvements in working conditions could be proposed, creating programmes or measures within organisations and in the way they work, in order to improve their health and safety conditions, but also their productivity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Motoristas de veículos pesados de mercadorias Condições de trabalho Fatores de Risco Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho Ergonomia Truck drivers Working conditions Risk factors Occupational Safety and Health Ergonomics