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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A precariedade laboral constitui tema de estudo e debate à escala global, cuja investigação é relativamente escassa em Moçambique, sobretudo em contexto urbano. Ao analisar o emprego precário na cidade de Maputo, no mercado formal, em quatro setores de atividade (hotelaria, restauração, comércio a retalho e telecomunicações), através de um estudo de caso (materializado pela combinação de técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas), procuramos preencher um vazio em termos de investigação científica.
O presente estudo visa caraterizar o emprego precário nos setores de atividade referidos, analisar as trajetórias profissionais dos precários que neles trabalham, avaliar a qualidade destes empregos e o contributo da legislação laboral moçambicana para esta problemática. Interessa ainda identificar causas e refletir sobre potenciais impactos do emprego precário neste contexto específico, no intuito de oferecer um contributo científico relevante, contemplando, inclusive, recomendações para diferentes stakeholders do mercado de emprego em Moçambique.
A investigação concluiu que, embora o emprego precário em Maputo apresente vários elementos alinhados com as caraterísticas apresentadas pela literatura (sobretudo ocidental, onde o tema é debatido de forma mais efetiva), existem indícios de uma precariedade persistente e transversal, que não é mitigada pela posse de um ou mais contratos de trabalho indeterminado – ou seja, o emprego apresenta-se eminentemente precário, independentemente do vínculo contratual que os colaboradores detenham. A análise ao histórico profissional dos trabalhadores participantes revela várias especificidades (intercâmbios e sobreposições frequentes entre o mercado formal e informal, emprego informal) e permitiu-nos identificar pelo menos 5 principais trajetórias, que fornecem indícios (quantitativos) sobre a potencial melhoria da situação contratual dos trabalhadores ao longo do tempo, apesar da persistência de situações de precariedade e insegurança. As áreas estudadas nas telecomunicações e na restauração apresentam indícios de oferecer empregos de menor qualidade. A legislação laboral moçambicana e respetivos mecanismos de reforço demonstram ser pouco eficazes. A reflexão sobre potenciais consequências de uma situação laboral precária prolongada revela que o seu impacto pode ultrapassar o trabalhador, alcançando a sua família, a organização, a comunidade onde está inserido e a sociedade como um todo.
In Mozambique, particularly in an urban setting, research on job insecurity is not as common as it is on a worldwide scale. We aim to fill a gap in scientific research by evaluating precarious work in Maputo City, in the formal market, in four industries (hospitality, restaurants, retail trade and telecommunications), using a case study (materialized by the combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches). The current study intends to define precarious employment in the aforementioned sectors of activity, examine the professional paths of the precarious workers working there, evaluate the quality of these occupations, and estimate the impact of Mozambican labor policy on this issue. In order to provide a significant scientific contribution, including recommendations for various stakeholders of the job market in Mozambique, it is also important to identify the causes of precarious employment and consider any potential implications in this particular context. The analysis found evidence of persistent and transversal precariousness that is not alleviated, even if precarious employment in Maputo exhibits some components that are consistent with those described in the literature (mostly Western, where the topic is debated more successfully). Regardless of the contractual arrangement that employees have, the job is particularly risky. We were able to identify at least 5 main trajectories that provide (quantitative) evidence on the potential improvement of the contractual situation of participants' workers through the analysis of their professional histories, which reveals several specificities (frequent exchanges and overlaps between the formal and informal market, informal employment), notwithstanding the existence and permanence of precarious and uncertain situations over time. The industries of telecommunications and restoration appear to offer jobs of lower quality. The Mozambican labor laws and their corresponding enforcement procedures seem to be ineffective. A protracted insecure employment situation may have negative effects that extend beyond the individual worker to his or her family, employer, the neighborhood in which they reside, and society at large.
In Mozambique, particularly in an urban setting, research on job insecurity is not as common as it is on a worldwide scale. We aim to fill a gap in scientific research by evaluating precarious work in Maputo City, in the formal market, in four industries (hospitality, restaurants, retail trade and telecommunications), using a case study (materialized by the combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches). The current study intends to define precarious employment in the aforementioned sectors of activity, examine the professional paths of the precarious workers working there, evaluate the quality of these occupations, and estimate the impact of Mozambican labor policy on this issue. In order to provide a significant scientific contribution, including recommendations for various stakeholders of the job market in Mozambique, it is also important to identify the causes of precarious employment and consider any potential implications in this particular context. The analysis found evidence of persistent and transversal precariousness that is not alleviated, even if precarious employment in Maputo exhibits some components that are consistent with those described in the literature (mostly Western, where the topic is debated more successfully). Regardless of the contractual arrangement that employees have, the job is particularly risky. We were able to identify at least 5 main trajectories that provide (quantitative) evidence on the potential improvement of the contractual situation of participants' workers through the analysis of their professional histories, which reveals several specificities (frequent exchanges and overlaps between the formal and informal market, informal employment), notwithstanding the existence and permanence of precarious and uncertain situations over time. The industries of telecommunications and restoration appear to offer jobs of lower quality. The Mozambican labor laws and their corresponding enforcement procedures seem to be ineffective. A protracted insecure employment situation may have negative effects that extend beyond the individual worker to his or her family, employer, the neighborhood in which they reside, and society at large.
Description
Doutoramento em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações
Keywords
Precariedade Laboral Emprego Moçambique África Estudo de caso Labour Precariousness Employment Mozambique Africa Case Study
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Santos, Outros nomes (2005). "Os precários de Maputo : estudo do fenómeno no mercado formal de emprego". Tese de Doutoramento. Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão