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Desenvolvimento de um índice de resultados competitivos para as três principais sociedades anónimas desportivas do futebol português : estudo das últimas dez temporadas
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O interesse dos consumidores da indústria de entretenimento ligada ao futebol profissional está associado à qualidade das equipas e ao equilíbrio competitivo, entre outros fatores. Contudo, como sublinhado na literatura, existe a necessidade de estudar as diferentes variáveis que influenciam o desempenho desportivo dos clubes de futebol profissional. Neste enquadramento, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi desenvolver um índice de resultados competitivos, e realizar a sua aplicação para comparar a evolução da performance desportiva das três principais Sociedades Anónimas Desportivas do futebol português, i.e. Sport Lisboa e Benfica – Futebol, SAD, Futebol Clube de Porto – Futebol, SAD e Sporting Clube de Portugal – Futebol, SAD, ao longo das dez últimas épocas desportivas. O instrumento usado para a recolha de dados foi um questionário desenvolvido com o objetivo de determinar a ponderação relativa das competições disputadas pelas três referidas equipas de futebol, o qual foi disponibilizado online na plataforma LimeSurvey, durante o mês de janeiro de 2025. A amostra por conveniência selecionou 19 especialistas na área do futebol. O Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse foi calculado para avaliar a fiabilidade da ponderação obtida para as várias competições. O índice de resultados competitivos foi calculado com base na categorização do desempenho desportivo das equipas e na ponderação das competições (i.e. Liga Portuguesa, Liga dos Campeões, Liga Europa, Taça de Portugal, Supertaça e Taça da Liga). Os resultados demonstraram que a ponderação diferenciada das competições foi fundamental para uma avaliação mais precisa do desempenho das equipas. Assim, a Liga Portuguesa obteve a maior ponderação entre todas as competições integradas na análise, indicando que o desempenho das equipas nesta competição tem um peso determinante no cálculo do índice de resultados competitivos. Adicionalmente, os achados deste estudo evidenciaram padrões de dominância e períodos de maior equilíbrio competitivo entre os três maiores rivais do futebol português. Subsequentemente, estes resultados sugerem a não linearidade do sucesso desportivo e a concorrência de vários fatores na sua influência. O desenvolvimento e a aplicação do índice permitiram quantificar e comparar a competitividade das principais equipas do futebol português ao longo da última década, proporcionando uma visão objetiva do seu desempenho desportivo
The interest of consumers in the entertainment industry linked to professional football is associated with the quality of the teams and competitive balance, among other factors. However, as highlighted in the literature, there is a need to study the different variables that influence the sport performance of professional football clubs. In this framework, the general objective of this study was to develop an index of competitive results, and to apply it to compare the evolution of the sport performance of the three main Sport Corporations in Portuguese football, i.e. Sport Lisboa e Benfica – Football, SAD, Futebol Clube de Porto – Football, SAD and Sporting Clube de Portugal – Football, SAD, over the last ten sport seasons. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire developed with the aim of determining the relative weighting of the competitions played by the three aforementioned football teams, which was made available online on the LimeSurvey platform, during the month of January 2025. The convenience sample selected 19 experts in the field of football. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was calculated to assess the reliability of the weighting obtained for the various competitions. The competitive results index was calculated based on the categorization of the teams' sport performance and the weighting of the competitions (i.e. Portuguese League, Champions League, Europa League, Portuguese Cup, Super Cup and League Cup). The results demonstrated that the differentiated weighting of the competitions was essential for a more accurate assessment of the teams’ performance. Thus, the Portuguese League obtained the highest weighting among all the competitions included in the analysis, indicating that the performance of the teams in this competition has a decisive weight in the calculation of the competitive results index. Additionally, the findings of this study highlighted patterns of dominance and periods of greater competitive balance between the three biggest rivals in Portuguese football. Subsequently, these results suggest the non-linearity of sport success and the concurrence of several factors in its influence. The development and application of the index made it possible to quantify and compare the competitiveness of the main Portuguese football teams over the last decade, providing an objective view of their sport performance
The interest of consumers in the entertainment industry linked to professional football is associated with the quality of the teams and competitive balance, among other factors. However, as highlighted in the literature, there is a need to study the different variables that influence the sport performance of professional football clubs. In this framework, the general objective of this study was to develop an index of competitive results, and to apply it to compare the evolution of the sport performance of the three main Sport Corporations in Portuguese football, i.e. Sport Lisboa e Benfica – Football, SAD, Futebol Clube de Porto – Football, SAD and Sporting Clube de Portugal – Football, SAD, over the last ten sport seasons. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire developed with the aim of determining the relative weighting of the competitions played by the three aforementioned football teams, which was made available online on the LimeSurvey platform, during the month of January 2025. The convenience sample selected 19 experts in the field of football. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was calculated to assess the reliability of the weighting obtained for the various competitions. The competitive results index was calculated based on the categorization of the teams' sport performance and the weighting of the competitions (i.e. Portuguese League, Champions League, Europa League, Portuguese Cup, Super Cup and League Cup). The results demonstrated that the differentiated weighting of the competitions was essential for a more accurate assessment of the teams’ performance. Thus, the Portuguese League obtained the highest weighting among all the competitions included in the analysis, indicating that the performance of the teams in this competition has a decisive weight in the calculation of the competitive results index. Additionally, the findings of this study highlighted patterns of dominance and periods of greater competitive balance between the three biggest rivals in Portuguese football. Subsequently, these results suggest the non-linearity of sport success and the concurrence of several factors in its influence. The development and application of the index made it possible to quantify and compare the competitiveness of the main Portuguese football teams over the last decade, providing an objective view of their sport performance
Descrição
Mestrado em Gestão do Desporto, 2025, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Motricidade Humana
Palavras-chave
Competitive index Football Sport competition weighting Sport performance Desempenho desportivo Futebol Índice competitivo Ponderação das competições desportivas