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Fatores que influenciam a eficácia da transição defensiva no futebol de alto rendimento
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Resumo(s)
Esta tese, estruturada em seis capítulos, procurou melhorar o entendimento dos padrões de comportamento coletivo em transições ataque-defesa no futebol de alto-rendimento, abordando diversos aspetos de desempenho. O primeiro capítulo proporciona uma visão geral dos objetivos da tese e dos fundamentos teóricos que sustentam os capítulos subsequentes. No segundo capítulo, realiza-se uma revisão sistemática sobre desempenho defensivo, que identifica variáveis associadas a diferentes níveis de sucesso defensivo. A recuperação da posse de bola em zonas avançadas, o equilíbrio posicional e a utilização de abordagens pressionantes foram reconhecidas como essenciais para transições bem-sucedidas. A revisão também destacou um desfasamento entre investigação e prática, recomendando que estudos futuros considerem as preocupações diárias das equipas técnicas e a interação complexa entre elementos relacionados com a performance defensiva. No terceiro capítulo, utilizando dados do Campeonato do Mundo FIFA 2018, foi analisada a influência de variáveis contextuais e de desempenho nos desfechos competitivos. As principais recomendações incluíram a redução do espaço para o portador da bola, a proximidade entre defesas e a rápida recuperação da posse. O quarto capítulo aborda a influência de comportamentos táticos intra-equipa e da qualidade dos adversários no sucesso defensivo, recorrendo a partidas contra equipas de diferentes escalões competitivos. Uma distribuição longitudinal adequada, a adaptação das funções táticas individuais ao “cenário de jogo” e movimentos coletivos céleres para os corredores laterais aparentam ser cruciais nesses episódios. O quinto capítulo examinou dinâmicas de cooperação e oposição em jogos da Primeira Liga Portuguesa, demonstrando que a distância dos defesas à bola e os ângulos interpessoais foram determinantes para impedir a progressão adversária. Espaçamentos inadequados e áreas de Voronoi aumentadas associaram-se a maior progressão no terreno. Os resultados anteriores foram integrados no sexto capítulo, apresentando-se sugestões para investigação futura e para a prática, visando melhorar o desempenho das equipas de alto-rendimento em transições ataque-defesa
This thesis aimed to enhance the understanding of elite-level interactional patterns in association football, specifically focusing on attack-to-defence transitions. The work is structured into six chapters, each addressing distinct aspects of performance analysis and tactical behaviour, exploring dynamic recurrences across various organisational levels. Chapter one introduced the purposes and theoretical foundations that underly subsequent chapters. Chapter two provided a systematic review on open-play defensive performance, identifying variables linked to positive and negative outcomes. The impact of regaining possession higher up the pitch, maintaining a balanced positioning, and adopting an intense defending approach was emphasized. A gap between research and practice was also identified. Specifically, future research should account for the “real-world” concerns of coaching staff, and the complex interaction between various performance-related factors. In chapter three, the influence of situational and performance variables on transitions’ outcomes was examined, using FIFA World Cup 2018 data. Key recommendations include reducing space available for opponent ball carriers, maintaining proximity amongst defenders and quickly regaining possession. Chapter four analysed how intra-team tactical behaviours and opposition quality influenced episodes’ outcomes, using data from matches against different-tier adversaries. Principal component analysis revealed that maintaining an adequate longitudinal distribution and adapting individual tactical roles may be crucial for success. Swift collective movements towards the outer corridors also increased chances of regaining possession. Chapter five explored both cooperation and opposition dynamics, by examining the top-3 teams in the Portuguese first-league. It was found that certain defenders’ distances to the ball and interpersonal angles were critical for impeding opponents’ progression. Improper spacing and large Voronoi areas were linked to greater opponents’ advances. Finally, chapter six integrated these findings, offering theoretical insights and practical recommendations on how to improve elite-level association football defensive performance.
This thesis aimed to enhance the understanding of elite-level interactional patterns in association football, specifically focusing on attack-to-defence transitions. The work is structured into six chapters, each addressing distinct aspects of performance analysis and tactical behaviour, exploring dynamic recurrences across various organisational levels. Chapter one introduced the purposes and theoretical foundations that underly subsequent chapters. Chapter two provided a systematic review on open-play defensive performance, identifying variables linked to positive and negative outcomes. The impact of regaining possession higher up the pitch, maintaining a balanced positioning, and adopting an intense defending approach was emphasized. A gap between research and practice was also identified. Specifically, future research should account for the “real-world” concerns of coaching staff, and the complex interaction between various performance-related factors. In chapter three, the influence of situational and performance variables on transitions’ outcomes was examined, using FIFA World Cup 2018 data. Key recommendations include reducing space available for opponent ball carriers, maintaining proximity amongst defenders and quickly regaining possession. Chapter four analysed how intra-team tactical behaviours and opposition quality influenced episodes’ outcomes, using data from matches against different-tier adversaries. Principal component analysis revealed that maintaining an adequate longitudinal distribution and adapting individual tactical roles may be crucial for success. Swift collective movements towards the outer corridors also increased chances of regaining possession. Chapter five explored both cooperation and opposition dynamics, by examining the top-3 teams in the Portuguese first-league. It was found that certain defenders’ distances to the ball and interpersonal angles were critical for impeding opponents’ progression. Improper spacing and large Voronoi areas were linked to greater opponents’ advances. Finally, chapter six integrated these findings, offering theoretical insights and practical recommendations on how to improve elite-level association football defensive performance.
Descrição
Doutoramento em Motricidade Humana, na Especialidade de Treino Desportivo. Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Motricidade Humana
Palavras-chave
Defensive performance Interpersonal coordination Male soccer Performance analysis Tactical behaviour Análise de performance Desempenho defensivo Comportamento tático Coordenação interpessoal Futebol masculino