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Resumo(s)
O objetivo desta investigação consistiu em realizar um estudo sobre as reais políticas e ações concretas, bem como as práticas de integração étnica em Angola, com o propósito estratégico da concretização do sonho da construção duma Nação que, em meu entender, deve ser constituída por um único povo e um único país, formado a partir da unidade étnica, cultural e territorial, o que requer de todos angolanos, com destaque para os governantes, uma visão estratégica e um espírito unificador, ao contrário daquilo a que se tem assistido nos últimos tempos e de forma generalizada pelo território nacional, sobretudo depois do fim da guerra civil, terminada em 2002: ações e atitudes de negação, veladas nalguns casos, e noutros casos bem mais visíveis, de povos oriundos de províncias alheias às visadas; mais concretamente, populações que, no caso da província da Huíla, não pertençam ao núcleo étnico Nhaneka-humbe.
É preocupante o facto de que, com o fim da guerra civil em Angola, se começou a notar aqui e acolá uma clara exacerbação no seio da sociedade angolana, ocorrendo fenómenos de exclusão etno-tribais, entendidos para efeitos deste trabalho como correspondendo a aproveitamentos por parte de alguns agentes políticos com base étnica, visando alcançarem objetivos diversos: políticos, administrativos, governamentais ou de notoriedade social. Em suma, usando as mesmos métodos a que outrora recorria a autoridade colonial, para alcançarem diversos objetivos estratégicos na sociedade angolana alguns políticos utilizam os procedimentos de “dividir para reinar”, opondo grupos étnicos, elevando ou exaltando uns e subalternizando outros, o que, como é óbvio, tem perturbado de diversas formas o longo caminho que nos conduzirá à plena construção da nação angolana, podendo também interromper o processo de crescimento económico e de normalização política iniciado com o fim da guerra civil em Angola, no ano de
2002.
The purpose of this research is to produce a study on actual policies and concrete actions regarding the ethnical integration in Angola, with the strategic goal of achieving the dream of building one nation, which in my opinion must be made of a single people and a single country, built with the union of the various ethnical, cultural and territorial bases, a task requiring from all Angolans, and mainly those in governance of the country, a strategic vision and a spirit of unification: alas the contrary of what is mostly occurring in our days, all over the national territory, and mostly after the civil war ended in 2002. This was identified in this research as corresponding to various actions and attitudes, sometimes denied but in other cases well visible, of rejection of people arriving from provinces other than the one concerned. Particularly in the case of the Huíla province, the targets of these practices are persons not belonging to the dominant ethnical group, the nhaneka- humbe. We are facing the disturbing fact that, with the end of the civil war, there is a visible, clear exacerbation within the Angolan society of phenomena of ethno-tribal exclusion. This must be understood as usurpation by some ethnically based political agents, allowing them to achieve various political, administrative, governmental objectives, including the obtainment of positions of notoriety. This means that, by using the same methods once utilized by the colonial authorities, in order to achieve certain strategic objectives in Angolan society, some politicians appeal to classical procedures of “divide to reign”, enticing opposition among diverse ethnical groups, by elevating some and diminishing others, a fact that obviously is very much disturbing in the long way leading this people to the construction of one single Angolan nation, and may also interrupt the process of economic growth and the political stabilization, permited by the end of the civil war in 2002.
The purpose of this research is to produce a study on actual policies and concrete actions regarding the ethnical integration in Angola, with the strategic goal of achieving the dream of building one nation, which in my opinion must be made of a single people and a single country, built with the union of the various ethnical, cultural and territorial bases, a task requiring from all Angolans, and mainly those in governance of the country, a strategic vision and a spirit of unification: alas the contrary of what is mostly occurring in our days, all over the national territory, and mostly after the civil war ended in 2002. This was identified in this research as corresponding to various actions and attitudes, sometimes denied but in other cases well visible, of rejection of people arriving from provinces other than the one concerned. Particularly in the case of the Huíla province, the targets of these practices are persons not belonging to the dominant ethnical group, the nhaneka- humbe. We are facing the disturbing fact that, with the end of the civil war, there is a visible, clear exacerbation within the Angolan society of phenomena of ethno-tribal exclusion. This must be understood as usurpation by some ethnically based political agents, allowing them to achieve various political, administrative, governmental objectives, including the obtainment of positions of notoriety. This means that, by using the same methods once utilized by the colonial authorities, in order to achieve certain strategic objectives in Angolan society, some politicians appeal to classical procedures of “divide to reign”, enticing opposition among diverse ethnical groups, by elevating some and diminishing others, a fact that obviously is very much disturbing in the long way leading this people to the construction of one single Angolan nation, and may also interrupt the process of economic growth and the political stabilization, permited by the end of the civil war in 2002.
Descrição
Doutoramento em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações
Palavras-chave
Integração Étnica Nacionalismo Nacionalidade Nação Aplicação do Conceito de Nação ao Contexto Angolano Conceito de Etnia Conceito de Raça Discriminação étnica Tribalismo Conflitos Étnicos Ethnic integration Nationalism Nationality Nation The concept of Nation referred to the Angolan context Concept of ethnicity Concept of race Ethnic discrimination Tribalism Ethnical conflicts
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Cambanda, Francisco Domingos (2015). "A questão étnica como fator de estabilidade do processo político e do desenvolvimento socioeconómico em Angola". Tese de Doutoramento, Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
