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Estudo retrospetivo das necrópsias forenses realizadas na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária-ULisboa (2014-2022)
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Abstract(s)
Em Portugal, os maus-tratos a animais de companhia são considerados crime desde 2014, quando foi implementada a Lei n.º 69/2014, de 29 de agosto. Desde essa data, foram realizadas 406 necrópsias forenses no Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária – Universidade de Lisboa, um dos 7 laboratórios pertencentes a uma rede identificada pela Ordem dos Médicos Veterinários e comunicada à Procuradoria-Geral da República. De forma a melhor perceber e caracterizar crimes relacionados com animais na região jurisdicional servida por este laboratório, foi conduzido um estudo retrospetivo de todos os casos forenses recebidos entre 2014 e 2022. Um total de 406 relatórios de necrópsias forenses foram analisados, dos quais 138 (34%) foram compatíveis com morte violenta, 168 (41,4%) foram classificados como morte natural, e 100 (24,6%) permaneceram indeterminados. Dos relatórios analisados, os canídeos e felídeos domésticos são os mais frequentemente envolvidos em casos de suspeita de maus-tratos, representando 323 (79,6%) e 64 (15,8%) dos casos, respetivamente. Para além dos carnívoros domésticos, foram ainda identificadas outras 12 espécies, maioritariamente da fauna selvagem, distribuídas por 19 casos (4,7%). O sexo mais representado em todos os animais foi o masculino (250/406, 61,57%). As causas de morte, associada a mortes violentas, mais comuns foram traumatismo (85/138, 61,6%) – maioritariamente contundente (51/85, 31,8%) – e envenenamento (47/138, 34,1%). Foram ainda contabilizados 236 (58,1%) casos cuja suspeita inicial foi maus-tratos por omissão de cuidados, e a ocorrência de omissão de cuidados foi relatada em 166 (40,9%) casos, incluindo situações de acumulação e reprodução não planificada com fins comerciais. A maioria das denúncias foi feita por terceiros (38,3%) do sexo feminino (35,6%), e o suspeito mais comum era o próprio detentor (36%), do sexo masculino (38,3%). O número de casos demonstra que a violência contra animais é uma realidade, e a sensibilização crescente da população é refletido no número de denúncias submetidas às autoridades competentes. A cooperação entre as autoridades judiciárias e os médicos veterinários, patologistas e/ou clínicos é imprescindível para a resolução de casos legais. A contínua melhoria do quadro legal para acomodar a realidade do país, bem como o reforço dos diversos recursos são fundamentais para uma resposta adequada aos crimes cometidos contra animais
ABSTRACT - Restrospective Study of Forensic Necropsies performed at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Lisbon between 2014-2022 - In Portugal, the abuse of companion animals has been considered a crime since 2014, when Law No. 69/2014 was implemented on August 29th. Since that date, 406 forensic necropsies have been performed at the Anatomic Pathology Service of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Lisbon, one of the 7 laboratories on a network identified by the Ordem dos Médicos Veterinários and communicated to the Prosecutor General’s Office. In order to better understand and characterize animal-related crimes in the jurisdictional region served by this laboratory, a retrospective study of all forensic cases between 2014 and 2022 was conducted. A total of 406 forensic necropsy reports were analysed, of which 138 (34%) were compatible with a violent death, 168 (41.4%) were classified as natural death, and 100 (24.6%) remained undetermined. Of the analysed reports, domestic dogs and cats are de most frequently involved in cases of suspected mistreatment, with 323 (79,6%) and 64 (15,8%) cases, respectively. Other than domestic carnivores, 12 species, mostly local wildlife, were identified, distributed throughout 19 cases (4.7%). Males were overrepresented in all species (250/406, 61.57%). The most common causes of violent death were trauma (85/138, 61.6%) – mainly blunt force (51/85, 31.8%) – and poisoning (47/138, 34.1%). There were also 236 cases (58.1%) in which the initial suspicion was abuse due to neglect, and the occurrence of neglect was reported in 166 (40.9%) cases, including situations of hoarding and puppy mills. The majority of reports were made by a third party (38.3%), mostly females (35.6%), and the most common suspect was the animal's owner (36%) and male (38.3%). The number of cases demonstrates that animal violence is a reality, and the increasing awareness of the population is reflected on the number of complaints submitted to the authorities. Cooperation between judicial authorities and veterinary pathologists and/or clinicians is essential for resolving legal cases. The continuous improvement of the legal frame to accommodate the country's reality, as well as reinforcement of the resources available, are fundamental for a proper answer to the crimes committed against animals
ABSTRACT - Restrospective Study of Forensic Necropsies performed at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Lisbon between 2014-2022 - In Portugal, the abuse of companion animals has been considered a crime since 2014, when Law No. 69/2014 was implemented on August 29th. Since that date, 406 forensic necropsies have been performed at the Anatomic Pathology Service of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Lisbon, one of the 7 laboratories on a network identified by the Ordem dos Médicos Veterinários and communicated to the Prosecutor General’s Office. In order to better understand and characterize animal-related crimes in the jurisdictional region served by this laboratory, a retrospective study of all forensic cases between 2014 and 2022 was conducted. A total of 406 forensic necropsy reports were analysed, of which 138 (34%) were compatible with a violent death, 168 (41.4%) were classified as natural death, and 100 (24.6%) remained undetermined. Of the analysed reports, domestic dogs and cats are de most frequently involved in cases of suspected mistreatment, with 323 (79,6%) and 64 (15,8%) cases, respectively. Other than domestic carnivores, 12 species, mostly local wildlife, were identified, distributed throughout 19 cases (4.7%). Males were overrepresented in all species (250/406, 61.57%). The most common causes of violent death were trauma (85/138, 61.6%) – mainly blunt force (51/85, 31.8%) – and poisoning (47/138, 34.1%). There were also 236 cases (58.1%) in which the initial suspicion was abuse due to neglect, and the occurrence of neglect was reported in 166 (40.9%) cases, including situations of hoarding and puppy mills. The majority of reports were made by a third party (38.3%), mostly females (35.6%), and the most common suspect was the animal's owner (36%) and male (38.3%). The number of cases demonstrates that animal violence is a reality, and the increasing awareness of the population is reflected on the number of complaints submitted to the authorities. Cooperation between judicial authorities and veterinary pathologists and/or clinicians is essential for resolving legal cases. The continuous improvement of the legal frame to accommodate the country's reality, as well as reinforcement of the resources available, are fundamental for a proper answer to the crimes committed against animals
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Keywords
Maus-tratos animais Medicina Veterinária Forense Necrópsia Forense Morte violenta Omissão de cuidados Animal mistreatment Forensic Veterinary Medicine Forensic Necropsy Violent death Neglect
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Rafael MIC. 2023. Estudo retrospetivo das necrópsias forenses realizadas na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária-ULisboa (2014-2022) [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: Universidade de Lisboa
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária