O papel da escola e das aulas de educação física no desenvolvimento da aptidão cardiorrespiratória

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Promoting health-related cardiorespiratory fitness in physical education : a systematic review

Publication . Peralta, Miguel; Henriques-Neto, Duarte; Gouveia, Elvio; Sardinha, Luís B.; Marques, Adilson

Background: This article aimed to systematically review the contribution of physical education (PE) classes to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children and adolescents; and to define potentially relevant factors for promoting CRF in PE classes. Methods: Studies were identified from searches in ERIC, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. Primary source articles, relating PE classes and CRF, published up to July 2019 in peer-reviewed journals were eligible for inclusion. Specific inclusion criteria were: (a) having cross-sectional or longitudinal and observational or interventional study designs; (b) targeting school-aged children or adolescents; (c) measuring CRF, heart rate or CRF test results as an outcome; (d) having statistical analyses of the CRF, heart rate or CRF test results outcomes reported; (e) focusing on PE classes or PE interventions that did not extended time or frequency of the classes; and (f) published in English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish. Results: A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 10 studies have found a neutral effect of PE classes in students’ CRF, eight studies found that PE indeed contributed to the improvement of CRF and six studies revealed mixed findings, when PE classes where controlled for others variables (e.g. body mass index, intensity). Higher intensity PE classes consistently demonstrated contributions to improving students’ CRF. Conclusion: Review findings suggest that PE classes can contribute to the improvement of students’ CRF. Intensity, age and weight status were identified as potentially relevant factors for promoting CRF in PE classes. To improve CRF, higher intensity classes should be provided.

2020Journal article

Open access

Acidentes, violência e lesões nos adolescentes portugueses : resultados do estudo HBSC de 2018

Publication . Gaspar, Susana; Peralta, Miguel; Guedes, Fábio Botelho; Ferreira, Carlos; Matos, Margarida Gaspar de

The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence of unintentional lesions in Portuguese adolescents. 8215 Portuguese adolescents (52,7% girls), from 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th grades were inquired. The occurrence of injuries, the involvement in violent behaviours and the level of satisfaction with life were analysed. The Student’s t-test and chi-square test were used to analyse differences between genders. A logistic regression model stratified by gender were conducted to analyse the associations between injuries and violence. 41,3% of the adolescents had at least one injury event. Boys reported more injuries (55%) and more injuries with need of hospitalization (61,6%). The youngest boys who attend the 6th and 8th grades, the girls of the 8th and 10th years, from Alentejo, with Portuguese nationality, with low life satisfaction are those who had more injuries. For both genders, the occurrence of injuries is positively associated with fight’s involvement. For boys, it is also positively associated with the carrying of weapons and, for girls, with being bullied and cyberbullied and with Portuguese nationality. Involvement in violence, male gender, and younger age are risk factors to injury occurrence in Portuguese adolescents. Portuguese adolescents frequently involved in fights, boys who carried weapons and girls with Portuguese nationality, who were bullied and cyberbullied had more injuries. Preventive strategies should be developed considering the specificities for each gender. Adolescents need to recognise risk factors for injuries occurrence. Intervention need to be developed to promote adolescent’s safety.

2019Journal article

Open access

A atividade física dos adolescentes portugueses, resultados do estudo HBSC de 2018

Publication . Marques, Adilson; Peralta, Miguel; Loureiro, Nuno Eduardo Marques de; Loureiro, Vânia; Naia, Ana; Matos, Margarida Gaspar de

This study aimed to analyze the levels of physical activity of Portuguese adolescents. A total of 6997 Portuguese adolescents (3378 boys) attending the 6th, 8th and 10th years of schooling in mainland Portugal were enrolled in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Adolescents were asked about the practice of physical activity and their participation in sports. Boys reported practicing physical activity more often than girls, as well as younger adolescents (≤12 years) reported practicing more times than the older ones. Normal weight adolescents also reported practicing more often than those who were overweight or obese. Concerning sports activities, a significantly higher number of boys reported practicing compared to girls. Younger adolescents practice more sports activities than their older counterparts, and adolescents with normal weight did more than those who are overweight or obese. Considering the guidelines for physical activity, which recommend the practice of at least 60 minutes of physical activity with moderate to vigorous intensity daily, most Portuguese adolescents are not physically active. Portuguese adolescents are not physically active. Public health actions to effectively promote the practice of physical activity should be developed and implemented.

2019Journal article

Open access

Pressure ulcer risk profiles of hospitalized patients based on the Braden scale: a cluster analysis

Publication . Gaspar, Susana; Peralta, Miguel; Budri, Aglécia; Ferreira, Carlos; Matos, Margarida Gaspar de

Aim: The aim of this work is to identify the pressure ulcer risk profiles of hospitalized patients with reference to Braden Scale subscales. Methods: A total of 2996 hospitalized Portuguese participants were screened using the Braden Scale. A hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analysis was conducted, with ethical approval. Results: Five risk profiles (clusters) based on the first risk assessments were identified. Regarding the Braden Scale total score, two profiles with high risk and three profiles with low risk of pressure ulcer development were identified. All clusters were statistically significantly different in terms of sociodemographic and clinical variables. When the first and the last risk assessments were compared, all the clusters improved the Braden Scale total score on the last risk assessment, except Cluster 4 (low-risk category). Clusters 3, 4 and 5, which were classified as low risk, decreased in several Braden subscales at the last risk assessment. Conclusions: The classification of low risk may misguide the early identification of patients with individual risk factors. Increasing the awareness of health care professionals for the importance of risk assessment of each Braden subscale is necessary for pressure ulcer prevention. We recommend the implementation of strategies for early identification of patients at risk at local and national levels.

2022Journal article

Restricted access

Mediating role of physical fitness and fat mass on the associations between physical activity and bone health in youth

Publication . Henriques-Neto, Duarte; Magalhães, João P.; Júdice, Pedro B.; Hetherington-Rauth, Megan; Peralta, Miguel; Marques, Adilson; Sardinha, Luís B.

We aimed to assess if the relationship between VPA and bone health is simultaneously mediated by PF and fat mass in adolescents. Bone health was assessed by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in 412 participants (221 girls) aged 10–18 years. VPA was assessed by accelerometry and PF was measured using specific protocols from FITescola®. Fat mass (%) was assessed using two skinfolds (triceps and calf). Parallel mediation analysis was performed by Hayes’ PROCESS (V.3.3-model 4) for SPSS. We observed that in boys, handgrip mediated the associations of VPA with speed of sound on the third distal radius (R-SoS). While, speed at 20 m and handgrip mediated the relationship of VPA with speed of sound on the tibial midshaft (T-SoS). Body fat (%) only acted as a mediator when handgrip integrates the mediation model. For girls, the only mediating variable for the relationship between VPA and R-SoS or T-SoS was the PACER test. Handgrip, speed and fat mass (%) in boys, and cardiorespiratory fitness in girls mediates the relationships between VPA and bone health assessed by QUS. Promoting muscular fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness and decrease of fat mass through VPA in adolescents may be an important strategy to improve bone health.

2020Journal article

Restricted access