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Projeto de investigação
Living with uncertainty: enduring precariousness over the life course
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Transitions to Adulthood and Generational Change in Portugal
Publication . Ramos, Vasco
Much of the research on contemporary youth in Western societies has shown that transitions to adulthood are being postponed, protracted, and becoming more complex (i.e., less likely to follow a predictable and “orderly” sequence as in earlier generations). Extended schooling periods, changes in the labor market and challenges to obtaining autonomous housing are some of the top drivers for such change. Demographers interpret such developments as a sign of a second demographic transition, whereas sociologists stress that they are a consequence of the broader process of social individualization, by which individuals are assuming an increasingly central role in the organization of their lives. While in younger cohorts the evidence base is strong concerning transitions to adulthood, in some national contexts comparisons with the past rely on impressionistic accounts or to easily assume that some social, economic, and cultural factors were present. Drawing on data from the “Family Trajectories and Social Networks: The life course in an intergenerational perspective” research project, this paper re-examines the transitions to adulthood of three Portuguese cohorts (born in 1935–1940, 1950–1955 and 1970–1975), namely in what concerns their timing, duration, and sequence. This is achieved by looking at their life-calendars across different domains (namely family and intimate relations, school, and work). Analysis of the results allows us to discuss critically to what extent current transitions to adulthood are different and to assess cohort heterogeneity according to class and gender. Additionally, it enables us to frame discussions on generational and structural change more adequately in Portugal.
Physical, geographical and social access: the neglected dimensions of food security
Publication . Truninger, Mónica; Cardoso, Sónia Goulart; Augusto, Fábio Rafael; Ramos, Vasco
Food insecurity is increasingly recognised as a social problem in industrialised
countries, bearing severe social, economic and health costs for governments
and individuals. Across European countries, the rise in food insecurity has
been closely linked to rising unemployment and falling wages (Loopstra,
Reeves and Stuckler 2015). Under Austerity, such effects have been amplified
and become ubiquitous. There has also been a sharp increase in the number
of individuals and families resorting to emergency food help (food banks and
others) across Europe. And in several countries, there have been reports of an
increase in the number of children arriving at school hungry. Additionally,
there is growing concern about the long-term effects of food insecurity on
the well-being of individuals and families and/or specific age-groups such as
children or the elderly.
The de-standardisation of the life course in Portugal. A cross-cohort analysis using entropy analysis
Publication . Ramos, Vasco
This article addresses the question of life course de-standardisation in Portugal, drawing on a trajectory-based holistic approach. The de-standardisation hypothesis presupposes that, over recent decades, occupational and family trajectories became gradually more variable. Our methodological strategy to test these hypotheses uses entropy measures and assesses how cohort and gender influence standardisation. We used these measures to determine the heterogeneity in co-residence and occupational trajectories between the ages of 7 and 35. In a second stage, we used regression models to estimate if cohort, gender, education and socio-economic class associate with co-residence and occupational entropy. The paper draws on data from the ‘Family Trajectories and Social Networks: The life course in an intergenerational perspective’ research project (n = 1500), which included questions on co-residence and work employment history of Portuguese individuals born in three different cohorts (1935-40; 1950-55; 1970-75). Findings show that standardisation and de-standardisation dynamics coexist, operating differently depending on the life domain and the stage of life. While early family trajectories are more standardised in younger cohorts, later stages are slightly more diverse, particularly among women. As far as occupational trajectories are concerned, formative years are much more standardised in the younger cohort, while adulthood is de-standardised in all cohorts. We discuss results in light of the life course regime and gendering hypotheses.
School Meals and Food Poverty: Children’s Views, Parents’ Perspectives and the Role of School
Publication . Cardoso, Sónia; Truninger, Mónica; Ramos, Vasco; Augusto, Fábio Rafael
This paper addresses the importance of school meals in balancing food budgets and diets among 45 lowincome
families in Portugal. Drawing on interviews with both parents and children (aged 11–15 years)
we found that children’s views on the quality of school meals affect their willingness to eat at school
and heighten parental concerns with health, food and resources. For parents, school meals are crucial to
ensure children’s dietary variety and balancing tight food budgets. Schools’ role in food poverty alleviation
is also critically addressed, contributing to current and future sociological studies of children, school
meals and food poverty.
Informalidade, estabilidade e precaridade: uma análise sequencial das trajetórias profissionais ao longo das últimas décadas
Publication . Ramos, Vasco
A imprevisibilidade dos percursos profissionais na era do capitalismo pós-fordista é uma problemática
amplamente discutida na sociologia contemporânea. Partindo da segunda metade do século XX, o artigo
contextualiza a discussão no contexto português. Mobilizando o conceito de trajetória profissional, desenvolvido
a partir da análise sequencial às trajetórias de portugueses de três coortes etárias, oferece-se uma tipologia dos
percursos que articula modalidades contratuais e atividade profissional. Os resultados revelam ampla variedade
de trajetórias e a segmentação entre percursos com diferentes graus de vulnerabilidade contratual.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
OE
Número da atribuição
SFRH/BPD/116221/2016