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Projeto de investigação
A novel approach for cereals landraces selection: bridging abiotic stress tolerance and nutrition quality for food and feed
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A novel approach for wheat germplasm evaluation: bridging high temperature tolerance and grain quality
Publication . Tomás, Diana Raquel dos Santos; Silva, Maria Manuela Gomes; Viegas, Wanda; Freire, João Pedro Bengala
Wheat is an essential crop for food and feed, due to its nutritional value and unique aptitude
to produce gluten and their derived food products. It is thus essential to understand how increasingly
common extreme weather events like heatwaves, defined as short periods of high temperatures (HT),
affect wheat grain production and quality, and transcriptomic modulation. Thus, in order to identify
wheat varieties with increased tolerance to HT, the objective of this work focused on the
characterization of the already referred parameters in plants of several commercial varieties
recommended to be used nowadays in Portugal and traditional varieties, submitted to high
temperatures during grain filling.
Using molecular markers, we showed that commercial genotypes have predicted good grain
technological quality, based on the allelic composition of genes related with grain composition. Most
commercial and traditional genotypes showed negative effects, induced by heatwave-like treatment,
revealed by a decrease in grain number and weight, while protein content was increased. Also,
through attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis, we denoted the
occurrence of alterations in grain polysaccharide composition induced by HT. Additionally, HT
increased protein content variability in landraces and reduced it on commercial varieties.
Regarding transcriptomic profiles assessed immediately after the HT treatment, traditional
varieties revealed a significantly higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), that
include genes coding for heat shock proteins and cupins, and more similar HT responses than
commercial varieties. Furthermore, Bancal and landraces DEGs appear to be more associated with
several metabolic pathways, while in Antequera DEGs were preferentially related with transcription
modulation and RNA and protein synthesis
Unravelling genome dynamics in Arabidopsis synthetic auto and allopolyploid species
Publication . Bento, M.; Tomás, D.; Viegas, W.; Silva, M.
Polyploidization is a major genome modification that results in plant species with multiple chromosome sets. Parental
genome adjustment to co-habit a new nuclear environment results in additional innovation outcomes. We intended to
assess genomic changes in polyploid model species with small genomes using inter retrotransposons amplified
polymorphism (IRAP) and retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP). Comparative analysis
among diploid and autotetraploid A. thaliana and A. suecica lines with their parental lines revealed a marginal fraction
of novel bands in both polyploids, and a vast loss of parental bands in allopolyploids. Sequence analysis of some
remodelled bands shows that A. suecica parental band losses resulted mainly from sequence changes restricted to primer
domains. Moreover, in A. suecica, both parental genomes presented rearrangement frequencies proportional to their
sizes. Overall rates of genomic remodelling events detected in A. suecica were similar to those observed in species with
a large genome supporting the role of retrotransposons and microsatellite sequences in the evolution of most
allopolyploids
Grain transcriptome dynamics induced by heat in commercial and traditional bread wheat genotypes
Publication . Tomás, Diana; Viegas, Wanda; Silva, Manuela
High temperature (HT) events have negative impact on wheat grains yield and
quality. Transcriptome profiles of wheat developing grains of commercial genotypes
(Antequera and Bancal) and landraces (Ardito and Magueija) submitted to heatwavelike
treatments during grain filling were evaluated. Landraces showed significantly
more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and presented more similar responses
than commercial genotypes. DEGs were more associated with transcription and RNA
and protein synthesis in Antequera and with metabolism alterations in Bancal and
landraces. Landraces upregulated genes encoding proteins already described as HT
responsive, like heat shock proteins and cupins. Apart from the genes encoding
HSP, two other genes were upregulated in all genotypes, one encoding for Adenylate
kinase, essential for the cellular homeostasis, and the other for ferritin, recently related
with increased tolerance to several abiotic stress in Arabidopsis. Moreover, a NAC
transcription factor involved in plant development, known to be a negative regulator
of starch synthesis and grain yield, was found to be upregulated in both commercial
varieties and downregulated in Magueija landrace. The detected diversity of molecular
processes involved in heat response of commercial and traditional genotypes contribute
to understand the importance of genetic diversity and relevant pathways to cope with
these extreme events
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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Número da atribuição
SFRH/BD/93156/2013