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Edging on heresy? António Vieira, SJ and his apocalyptic “Fifth Empire”
Publication . Valdez, Ana T.
While introducing António Vieira, SJ’s theory of the Fifth Empire, our objective in this paper is to discuss whether the Church could have considered his approach heretical. Although his theorization bordered dangerous waters, we do not think it crossed the limits of the Catholic Church’s orthodoxy. For doing this, we will analyze some passages of the História do futuro and some of the Clavis prophetarum, especially those dealing with concepts aimed at establishing a universal religion that could prepare Humanity for the events described in the book of Revelation, anticipating thus, the establishment of the divine kingdom.
Vieira, the Jesuit, appears to have been one of the precursors of concepts such as universalism, toleration, and ecumenism, and this in a seventeenth-century dominated by solid institutions such as the Inquisition.
Joachim of Fiore and António Vieira’s Clavis Prophetarum
Publication . Valdez, Ana T.
This article investigates the influence of Joachim of Fiore’s thinking and of the subsequent Joachimites on the work of António Vieira, SJ (1608-1697). My purpose is to ascertain whether Vieira provides a distinctive eschatological interpretation of the sacred texts in the unfinished Clavis Prophetarum, which deserves recognition as such in intellectual and religious history, or whether he was so much under the influence of Joachimite thinking that he ought to be considered a Joachimite himself. The hypothesis that I will explore is that Vieira might have profited from and somehow merged ideas deriving both from Augustine and Joachim, concerning the interpretation of the content of the books of Daniel and Revelation and the date of establishment of the divine kingdom on earth. This study sheds light on Vieira’s views and, more generally, on potentially important but thus far under-investigated intellectual connections between Augustine, Joachim, and Vieira.
Reaching the end time: António Vieira and universal evangelization
Publication . Valdez, Ana T.
Albeit what one reads today in the media, apocalyptic literature is ‘par excellence,’ literature of hope, not destruction. Therefore, the modern use of apocalyptic language or imagery to promote violent actions requires scholars and policymakers to pay careful attention. While violence appears to be predominant when using apocalyptic language and expectations, there are examples of its use to promote peace that should be considered. This paper aims to analyze this latter use of apocalyptic literature by examining the words of António Vieira, SJ (1608-1697) regarding universal evangelization in his opus magnum, the ‘Clavis prophetarum’.
A influência de Daniel e Apocalipse na “História do Futuro” do Padre António Vieira, SJ
Publication . Valdez, Ana T.
Os livros de Daniel e d’O Apocalipse são, provavelmente, dos textos mais influentes de toda a tradição judaico-cristã. O seu conteúdo escatológico, especialmente o apocalíptico, moldou a criação e o desenvolvimento da sociedade ocidental. Mais, foram estas mesmas expectativas apocalípticas que se podem ver na base dos movimentos de expansão ultramarina europeia do início da idade moderna e que são utilizados para justificar processos de colonização e evangelização à escala mundial. António Vieira, SJ, o missionário da Amazónia, é o maior expoente português da exegese apocalíptica bíblica que esperava que o Reino de Deus fosse estabelecido o mais rapidamente possível e defensor da Casa de Bragança após o fim da União Ibérica em 1640. Mas ele é também um dos mais originais pensadores e exegetas que ao longo dos séculos conjugaram o conteúdo destes livros bíblicos com a política do seu tempo. A História do Futuro é um livro apologético escrito em português em que o jesuíta reflecte sobre a história portuguesa, nomeadamente, a União Ibérica, que traduz enquanto “tribulação divina,” e tenta datar o fim dos tempos. Como tal, o objectivo deste texto é relacionar o conteúdo da História do Futuro com o de Daniel e d’O Apocalipse, de modo a ilustrar a maestria com que o jesuíta conseguiu ler nos acontecimentos da História de Portugal os eventos que antecipariam o fim do tempo descritos na Bíblia.
Daniel and Apocalypse: scapegoats for 21st Century violence?
Publication . Valdez, Ana T.
Twenty years after the 9/11 attacks and the beginning of the War on Terror that underlined the opposition between East and West, and now when the West leaves Afghanistan in the hands of the Taliban, this essay attempts to analyse if the reasons for what is described as “religious violence” can be attributed to the Sacred Texts. As we shall demonstrate, neither Daniel nor Revelation contain any “call to arms” to approximate the present to the time of the end. This “end” refers to the promised divine kingdom to be established by the deity at the end of time. It corresponds to a new cosmos, one close to the description of Paradise. Nevertheless, the texts clearly state that the time of the end is only known to God and that the righteous should endure the tribulation. What is clear from reading the texts and analysing the propaganda that has led to the gather of troops under radical flags is that the ignorance of most of the population regarding the content of the Sacred Texts is damaging and needs to be prevented. How? Through education, putting an end to the academic Ivory Tower, and initiating a real collaboration between academia and policymakers and the broader society.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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CEEC IND 2017
Número da atribuição
CEECIND/00139/2017/CP1425/CT0011