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- Our goal: Comparing news performancePublication . Vreese, Claes de; Esser, Frank; Hopmann, David Nicolas; Aalberg, Toril; Aelst, Peter Van; Berganza, Rosa; Hubé, Nicolas; Legnante, Guido; Matthes, Jörg; Papathanassopoulos, Stylianos; Reinemann, Carsten; Salgado, Susana; Sheafer, Tamir; Stanyer, James; Strömbäck, Jesper
- Conclusion: assessing news performancePublication . Vreese, Claes de; Reinemann, Carsten; Esser, Frank; Hopmann, David Nicolas; Aalberg, Toril; Aelst, Peter Van; Berganza, Rosa; Hubé, Nicolas; Legnante, Guido; Matthes, Jörg; Papathanassopoulos, Stylianos; Salgado, Susana; Sheafer, Tamir; Stanyer, James; Strömbäck, JesperAt the outset, we asked if there is any good news about the news and, if so, where the good news is. In academic research and public discussions about news and democracy, one finds different interpretations of the state of current news provision. A tendency towards pessimism about current news performance is commonplace. Although there is an overall proliferation of both traditional and newer forms of online news availability and supply (Esser, de Vreese et al. 2012), many suggest that the performance of news providers is getting worse. In more or less explicit terms, the decreasing quality of news is seen as having a negative impact on the quality of political life and democracy. Set against the pessimism and caution in the public debate and literature on news quality and the performance of political journalism, we were not optimistic that we would find good-quality news or that we would be able to offer some good news as a positive antidote, so to speak, to the pervasive pessimism in the literature.
- The explanatory logic: factors that shape political newsPublication . Esser, Frank; Vreese, Claes de; Hopmann, David; Aalberg, Tori; Aelst, Peter Van; Berganza, Rosa; Hubé, Nicolas; Legnante, Guido; Mathes, Jörg; Papathanasssopoulos, Stylianos; Reinemann, Carsten; Salgado, Susana; Sheafer, Tamir; Stayner, James; Strömbäck, JesperInsights gained depend on the questions asked. This chapter describes the why and the how of our study's approach. After outlining some principal research interests of comparative news analyses, we introduce a theoretical hierarchy of influences that needs to be observed in order to understand the construction of media content. In fitting this model to the specific requirements of our study, we emphasize, in particular, the importance of integrating event-centered and mediacentered considerations, of incorporating an explicit comparative perspective, and of applying appropriate strategies of data analysis. The main part of the chapter introduces the explanatory factors that are used in this study to elucidate crossnational and cross-organizational differences in joumalists' use of the six core concepts of political news. The explanatory factors are systematized according to their level of analysis, and we provide a great many examples to illustrate their use in this study, together with concrete operationalizations. We conclude by situating our own approach in the recent development of explanation-oriented comparative news research.
- Cross-conceptual architecture of newsPublication . Reinemann, Carsten; Scherr, Sebastian; Stanyer, James; Aalberg, Toril; Aelst, Peter Van; Berganza, Rosa; Esser, Frank; Hopmann, David Nicolas; Hubé, Nicolas; Legnante, Guido; Matthes, Jörg; Papathanassopoulos, Stylianos; Salgado, Susana; Sheafer, Tamir; Strömbäck, Jesper; Vreese, Claes deWhile the other chapters in this volume have treated each of the six key concepts in depth, it is important to consider the relationships between them and the extent to which they are interconnected. Indeed, some scholars have made connections, at least theoretically, between a number of different developments (e.g., Patterson 1993). Several advantages flow from such a cross-conceptual approach. Specific concepts can be related to each other, which gives readers some idea of how they may interact. For example, the degree of personalization and negativity in the news may be related but may also operate independently. understanding these cross-concept relationships further can improve our insights into journalists' processes of news construction, It is highly likely that decisions about the selection and construction of news are based on a combination of content features rather than on individual features of events or topics. This line of reasoning was already a key idea in the early studies on news factors, which hypothesized that different content features would add up to the specific news value of an event (e.g., Galtung and Ruge 1965).
- The Euro Crisis’ Actors and their Roles: Politicization and Personalization of the Press CoveragePublication . Hubé, Nicolas; Salgado, Susana; Puustinen, LinaThis study investigates the depiction and complexity of actors in the print news coverage of the Euro Crisis between 2010 and 2012. Based on an empirical study of 40 newspapers from ten European countries, we examined the role and visibility of different types of actors. We also looked at two important assumptions from the political communication and the European studies’ literature: the trend towards the personalization of political news; and the relapse in Europeanization, which suggests that the Euro Crisis has contributed to further empower both the national governments over the European institutions and some countries over the others. Our main conclusions point to a personalized news coverage, mostly dominated by the views of national political leaders and economic actors. Finally, we discuss some of the reasons behind these features of the news coverage and their implications for the development of European integration and for the actual existence of a European public sphere.
- How we did it: approach and methodsPublication . Hopmann, David; Esser, Frank; Vreese, Claes de; Aalberg, Tori; Aelst, Peter Van; Berganza, Rosa; Hubé, Nicolas; Legnante, Guido; Matthes, Jörg; Papathanasssopoulos, Stylianos; Reinemann, Carsten; Salgado, Susana; Sheafer, Tamir; Stayner, James; Strömbäck, Jesper
- Political communication in a high-choice media environment: a challenge for democracy?Publication . Van Aelst, Peter; Strömbäck, Jesper; Aalberg, Toril; Esser, Frank; de Vreese, Claes; Matthes, Jörg; Hopmann, David; Salgado, Susana; Hubé, Nicolas; Stępińska, Agnieszka; Papathanassopoulos, Stylianos; Berganza, Rosa; Legnante, Guido; Reinemann, Carsten; Sheafer, Tamir; Stanyer, JamesDuring the last decennia media environments and political communication systems have changed fundamentally. These changes have major ramifications for the political information environments and the extent to which they aid people in becoming informed citizens. Against this background, the purpose of this article is to review research on key changes and trends in political information environments and assess their democratic implications. We will focus on advanced postindustrial democracies and six concerns that are all closely linked to the dissemination and acquisition of political knowledge: (1) declining supply of political information, (2) declining quality of news, (3) increasing media concentration and declining diversity of news, (4) increasing fragmentation and polarization, (5) increasing relativism and (6) increasing inequality in political knowledge.
- Journalists’ Perceptions of Populism and the Media: A Cross-National Study Based on Semi-Structured InterviewsPublication . Stanyer, James; Salgado, Susana; Bobba, Giuliano; Hajzer, Gergö; Hopmann, David N.; Hubé, Nicolas; Merkovity, Norbert; Özerim, Gökay; Papathanassopoulos, Stylianos; Sanders, Karen B.; Spasojevic, Dusan; Vochocova, Lenka
- The actors of the crisis: between personalisation and europeanizationPublication . Hubé, Nicolas; Salgado, Susana; Pauustinen, Liina