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- De-Europeanization in the Balkans. Media freedom in post-Milošević SerbiaPublication . Castaldo, Antonino; Pinna, AlessandraWhile the Europeanization literature has focused extensively on analysing progress towards the adoption of the European model, scant attention has been devoted to cases of resistance and contestation, which may lead to the emergence of a new phenomenon identified as de-Europeanization. In order to inquire on this phenomenon, a case study analysis will be applied to Serbian media freedom. Is this sector undergoing a process of de- Europeanization while the country is progressing toward full EU membership? The analysis demonstrates the recent consolidation of a de-Europeanizing trend, coinciding with the return to power of former Milošević ruling parties.
- Eredità dei Regimi Ibridi e Qualità Democratica. Il Caso della SerbiaPublication . Castaldo, Antonino; Pinna, Alessandra
- A crise da democracia: uma revisão seletiva do debate académico atualPublication . Castaldo, AntoninoA «crise da democracia» (CdD) tornou- se recentemente um dos temas mais debatidos na literatura sobre democratização. No entanto, esta literatura pode ser considerada embrionária por razões conceptuais, metodológicas e teóricas. De forma a oferecer uma visão sistemática e seletiva dos debates atuais, proponho uma tipologia descritiva que leva tanto em consideração as dimensões objetiva/ /subjetiva como nacional/internacional da CdD. Concluo que, apesar de o fenómeno existir, é visto hoje em dia como sendo mais preocupante do que aquilo que é sugerido realmente pelas evidências empíricas. No entanto, algumas alterações relevantes nas condições que conduziram ao sucesso da terceira vaga parecem justificar uma perspetiva moderadamente pessimista sobre o futuro da democracia.
- The Proactive International Dimension and the Breakdown of Authoritarian RegimesPublication . Castaldo, AntoninoThere is international consensus among scholars that democratic transitions are multicausal processes in which both internal and international variables are involved (Pridham 1991, 1995; Whitehead 1996; Schmitter 1996; Linz and Stepan 1996; Carothers 1999; Morlino and Magen 2008; Grilli di Cortona 2009). This chapter is limited, on the one hand, to the dependent variable consisting solely of the crisis/breakdown/transformation of non-democratic regimes in the Third Wave of democratization, and, on the other hand, to an independent variable identified solely with the international dimension of democratic transition. This factor, which can be termed the Proactive International Dimension (PID), specifically concerns that combination of actions or processes, produced by one or more international actors, that, intentionally or not, cause or contribute to the crisis/breakdown/transformation of a non-democratic regime.
- Parties and party systems in Pietro Grilli Di Cortona’s researchPublication . Castaldo, Antonino; Germano, LucaParties and party systems, intended as key democratic institutions, represented a central subject in Pietro Grilli di Cortona’s research. His focus on these topics has been rich, innovative and continuous during all his career. His approach to the study of political parties and party systems has always been comparative, with a great relevance given to their historical evolution and the connections with the cleavages structures present in European societies.
- After competitive authoritarianism. Hybrid regime legacies and the quality of democracy in CroatiaPublication . Castaldo, Antonino; Pinna, AlessandraThe impact of ‘authoritarian legacies’ on successor democracies has been widely researched with reference to every type of non-democratic regime. However, scant attention has been devoted to hybrid regimes legacies, despite the growing relevance acquired by these regimes in the last decades. This paper deals with the legacies of Levitsky and Way’s Competitive Authoritarian model, evaluating their impact on successor democracies through an analysis of the Croatian case. The research shows that the legacies of the Tuđman’s regime significantly affected the Quality of Democracy in Croatia. The innovative capacity of the former regime and the continuous nature of the transition explain this relevant impact, only partially moderated by the influence of important international actors (EU).
- Western Balkan Countries in Transition. EU Democracy Promotion in Croatia.Publication . Castaldo, Antonino; Pinna, Alessandra
- Populism and competitive authoritarianism in TurkeyPublication . Castaldo, AntoninoThe main goal of this paper is to explain the rise of competitive authoritarianism in Erdoğan’s Turkey. The recent literature has mainly focused on the taxonomical debate about the type of regime established by Erdoğan, dealing only rarely with the factors explaining the Turkish autocratization. Building on Levitsky and Loxton’s framework, which underlines the catalyst role played by the election of populist leaders for the rise of competitive authoritarianism in Latin America, the analysis identifies the interactions among Erdoğan’s populism and threats and opportunities provided by both domestic and international environments as the major cause explaining Turkish autocratization.