Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-12-15"
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- A aplicabilidade de direitos fundamentais aos animais não-humanos no ordenamento jurídico luso-brasileiroPublication . Neto, Pedro Oliveira Penha; Araújo, Fernando, 1958-A presente dissertação tem por objeto o estudo da aplicação de direitos fundamentais aos animais não-humanos, no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e português, dando especial atenção às recentes alterações legislativas e entendimentos sedimentados no Poder Judiciário de ambos os países. Para esse fim, parte-se de uma análise sobre a relação homem-animal, mostrando o histórico filosófico de como o homem percebe os animais e de como eles são ser tratados, iniciando-se pela visão antropocêntrica, após, a visão ecocêntrica e biocêntrica e, por fim, a visão animalista. O estudo não é circunscrito apenas ao Direito Animal, ainda que incida principalmente sobre este, pois além da análise comparada das Leis e Jurisprudências sobre o tema entre Brasil e Portugal, aprofunda-se sobre conceitos, denominações, princípios e demais teorias desse crescente ramo do direito. Assim, também será examinado tópicos sobre os Direitos Fundamentais, notadamente conceitos, dimensões e titularidades, para só então concluir o tema central do trabalho, a aplicação dos direitos fundamentais para além dos humanos.
- A justiça constitucional na defesa da democraciaPublication . Caminha, Marcos Antônio Canário; Lanceiro, Rui TavaresO trabalho investiga o papel da justiça constitucional na defesa da democracia, no contexto do constitucionalismo pós-moderno. A democracia não se encontra absolutamente protegida em face de invasões totalitárias, bem como não há imunizantes perfeitamente capazes de estancar ataques de ideologias bárbaras e anticonstitucionais. Assim, cabe à jurisdição constitucional a interpretação e concretização da Constituição, dada a função de guardiã do sistema constitucional, tanto a nível interno, comunitário e internacional. Nesse mister, quando da decisão de casos concretos, o juízo constitucional deve orientar-se pela compatibilização das conquistas medulares do constitucionalismo: estado de direito, direitos fundamentais e democracia. Na regulação de cidadãos, movimentos, partidos políticos e entidades públicas, a justiça constitucional tem o dever de garantir o funcionamento harmônico e interdependente das funções do estado, de acordo com a tripartição de funções. Então, o papel da justiça constitucional é avaliar o passado, em processos judiciais que respeitem os direitos de liberdade e o pluralismo político; a administração cuida do presente com a criação e implantação de políticas e serviços públicos, em especial para potencializar o desenvolvimento econômico, de acordo com a eficiência e boas práticas administrativas; por fim, o legislativo volta-se ao futuro, regulando comportamentos abstratos e genéricos, em favor da realização do bem comum. Dessa forma, a efetiva defesa da democracia é o exercício conjunto, eficaz e eficiente de todas as funções do estado, inclusive da jurisdição constitucional, que deve notabilizar-se pela autocontenção. Por fim, em casos extremos, em nome da defesa da democracia, a justiça constitucional deve lançar mão de processos criminas, sem olvidar dos direitos a anterioridade da lei penal, do juiz natural, da ampla defesa, do contraditório e da individualização das condutas e das penas.
- Intervenção do design como via para projeto de uma escova de dentesPublication . Gamboa, Eduardo Luis Lopes; Viana, José Alberto AlmiroNowadays, Design is a process that seeks out innovation for products that upgrade the quality of people's daily lives. Even though there is no one right way for designers to create the ideal solutions to the issues they face, there are processes that take a more confident perspective when taking on problems. Design, similar to oral hygiene, is an area of great importance in our daily lives, and it can be said that both areas have the sensitivity to cross people's well-being with their needs. This work investigates the essentiality of Design and how it plays a role in the relationship between the product and the person. Health problems have a significant impact on people's daily lives. Oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases are significant problems for individuals and public health, as they affect a large proportion of the population, impacting their health, well-being, and quality of life. This study considered the needs and well-being of users to develop a toothbrush that would promote better oral hygiene and prevent poor oral health
- Nada se cria tudo se copia : o original, a cópia e a réplica na esculturaPublication . Amargar, Luana Vieira; Frade, Marta Costa; Moncada, Miguel CabralThis dissertation aims to reflect on the concepts of original, copy and replica and what each can represent in sculpture, with a view to clarifying and understanding the replica as a heritage asset. The meanings of copy and replica are manifested together and are sometimes disconnected in specialized literature, so we were able to ascertain that they are not well defined and, for this reason, are the target of improper uses and associations. In this sense, and as it is not possible to determine these convictions without defining what we consider to be original and what it represents in sculpture, there is a need to consolidate this notion. However, in addition to clarifying the concepts and making them explicit, our aim is also to re-evaluate the way in which artistic society and the scientific community view the replica, since it is often misused in literature in general and is usually associated with something derogatory. The original, the copy and the replica are complex concepts and, while on the one hand the word "original" has appeared several times over the centuries in a convenient, albeit controversial, way, on the other hand, the words "copy" and "replica" have appeared erroneously in an almost indistinct way and are very similar in nature. For these reasons, their distinction, appreciation and art-historical framework will be fundamental to understanding this work and the objective it sets out to achieve. That said, there is a need here to highlight the relevance of replicas as heritage assets, objects of academic content and aid to various areas, but it is also important to clarify the concept of a copy, taking into account its historical and artistic context. The value associated with works of art is directly related to the preservation of the copy and the replica and evidence of this is the growing and observable, but not sufficient, concern that has been expressed for copied and/or replicated works, which are already the object of commercialization and musealization in several countries in Europe and around the world. On the national scene, the situation is even more severe, as we are still waiting for some basic standards for the preservation and enhancement of this type of property, and there are several collections in poor condition with little visibility and accessibility to the public. Even so, we can't help but stress the importance that the art markets, museology, specialized education and conservation and restoration can have in enhancing and understanding the copy and replica, as well as the concern for their preservation. (...)
- Fire management-oriented analysis of fire-fuel relations in mainland PortugalPublication . Davim, David André Dias; Pereira, José Miguel Cardoso; Fernandes, Paulo Alexandre Martins; Rossa, Carlos GonçalvesFire (whether planned or unplanned) is an important ecological process that plays a critical role in landscape heterogeneity and resilience, and is the main driver of fire management programmes. While wildfires (unplanned fires) pose risks to life, property and natural resources, resulting in high socio-economic and environmental damages, prescribed burning (planned fires) is increasingly used as a tool to manage fuel hazards, but fire management in Southern Europe still lacks a convenient way to assess its effectiveness. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how fuels and fire-related processes occur, with a focus on fire-fire interactions, their outcomes and how they can be used to efficiently implement an integrated fire management approach in Portugal. This work includes a series of analyses of the interaction of wildfire with prescribed fire treatments and with previously burned areas in mainland Portugal, with a focus on the fire management objective of reducing the area burned by wildfire. The research was designed to assess the likelihood of wildfires encountering previously burned areas (both prescribed burns and wildfires) and to measure the effectiveness of previously burned areas in reducing the extent of wildfires. The results and discussion presented here contribute to the body of knowledge on fire-fuel relationships and may assist in the development of fire management policies in southern Europe and elsewhere.
- Visão e Planeamento Estratégico das Forças Armadas Angolanas (2007-2017)Publication . Neto, Manuel Luís; Pedro João Borges GraçaO tema em apreço é de relevância porque visa refletir sobre os processos de reestruturação/reedificação/redimensionamento das FAA, bem como os desafios que a República de Angola vem enfrentando para o seu desenvolvimento sócio-económico e político, depois de um longo período de conflito armado interno com a participação de alguns atores internacionais, com realce para as Forças de Defesa e Segurança da África do Sul do então regime do Apartheid; das Forças Armadas Revolucionárias de Cuba; e ainda aos apoios das grandes potências mundiais, designadamente a Ex-URSS e os EUA. Com a proclamação da independência de Angola a 11 de novembro de 1975, o país viu-se mergulhado num conflito interno que durou aproximadamente duas décadas e meia, o que inviabilizou o seu desenvolvimento devido à instabilidade político-militar reinante na altura. Assim, as FAA têm desempenhado um papel relevante na estratégia de segurança de Angola, tendo contribuído significativamente para o alcance da paz em 2002. Deste modo, desde esta data as autoridades angolanas têm desenvolvido esforços no sentido de aperfeiçoar o sistema de organização e funcionamento das Forças Armadas, de modo a continuar a exercer o papel de garante da paz e estabilidade, tanto de Angola como das regiões (África Austral e África Central) onde se insere. Com este tema, pretende-se também compreender as estratégias seguidas pelo Governo de Angola em relação aos vários processos de reestruturação/reedificação/redimensionamento das Forças Armadas Angolanas, bem como avaliar se os objetivos pretendidos foram alcançados. Contudo, a investigação realizada notou-se que os processos de reestruturação/reedificação/redimensionamento não têm produzido resultados satisfatórios, com realce para a fase de implementação porque estas são interrompidas sempre que é nomeado um novo titular da pasta da Defesa Nacional.
- Agrivoltaic trial preparation- Understanding spatial vineyard variability of cv. Encruzado at Tapada da AjudaPublication . Espiñeira, Mónica Jorge; Lopes, Carlos Manuel Antunes; Victorino, Gonçalo Filipe dos SantosThe increasing impact of climate change is leading to more frequent stress events that affect vineyard performance. The elevated temperature trend is increasing the vineyard's vulnerability to sunburn, resulting in reduced yield, changes in berry composition, and subsequently, alterations in wine quality. Photovoltaic panels deployed over crops, also known as agrivoltaics, are emerging as a potential solution to this problem, by providing shading and mitigating these effects in vineyards. The objective of this study is twofold, firstly to evaluate the vineyard’s spatial variability and define the best locations for study plants that can be fairly compared between treatments; secondly to extensively characterize the year 0 of the experiment before the installation of the agrivoltaic system. As the agrivoltaic structure placement was predefined in one large parcel of the vineyard, an initial study was performed to find plants, outside of this parcel, with similar performance. Two different plots were then defined: the control plot and the agrivoltaic plot. Throughout the thesis several parameters were collected to characterize the selected plants. Both weekly and phenological stage-specific vegetative and reproductive data were collected , as well as parameters regarding plant water status (e.g., stem water potential) and grape and wine composition. Overall, no significant differences were observed between the two plots in terms of vegetative and reproductive parameters, as both exhibited consistent and aligned development throughout phenological stages. Overall plants from both plots presented a leaf area of 4 m2. Some minor variations regarding phenological development were observed during the initial weeks. Regarding the stem water potential (SWP), there were no differences between the two plots at any phenological stage, with plants from both plots presenting moderate stress (~ >1.0 MPa) only at veraison and near harvest. An average yield of 2,3 Kg per plant was observed for both plots and must/wine analysis results also showed no discernible differences. In conclusion, these results confirm the successful selection of smart points for both plots, ensuring uniform conditions for a future study of the agrivoltaic trial. Further research should continue to analyze these parameters after solar panels installation and include an evaluation of sunburn damage and the aroma profile of the wine, to assess the photovoltaic panels impact on both the vineyard and wine quality.
- Micobioma de solo com cultura de tomate e recurso a Trichoderma harzianum como agente de controlo biológicoPublication . Mendes, Maria Inês Timóteo Nogueira Torgal; Ramos, Ana Paula FerreiraA produção de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos em Portugal. Esta cultura é suscetível a inúmeras doenças causadas por fungos patogénicos, sendo que os fungos do género Fusarium são os que provocam maiores prejuízos afetando o rendimento dos agricultores. Para controlar estes agentes patogénicos, a maior parte dos agricultores recorre à aplicação de produtos químicos, nem sempre da forma correta, com o consequente impacto negativo, por ex., nos ecossistemas: poluindo, diminuindo a biodiversidade, criando resistências nos agentes patogénicos, entre-outros. Face a estes constrangimentos urge encontrar estratégias de gestão alternativas mais sustentáveis e com menores impactos negativos nos ecossistemas. Surge assim a presente dissertação que, no âmbito do projeto ASTER (“Agroecology-inspired Strategies and Tools to Enhance Resilience and ecosystem services in tomato crop”), teve como objetivos contribuir para a identificação e caracterização da diversidade fúngica associada à rizosfera de tomateiro em cultura protegida (estufa), e avaliar, in vitro, o potencial de Trichoderma harzianum como agente de controlo biológico, em alternativa às medidas de natureza química. Para tal, procedeu-se ao isolamento dos fungos presentes em três amostras de solo, colhidas fora e dentro da estufa, em momentos distintos da instalação da cultura de tomate (antes e depois). Os fungos isolados foram agrupados segundo as caraterísticas culturais e identificados à espécie por sequenciação da região ITS do DNA ribossomal. O género presente com maior frequência foi Fusarium (11 isolados), seguido de Aspergillus (4), Penicillium (3) e Cladosporium (3). Através de testes de confronto in vitro demonstrou-se que Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (formulação comercial disponível no mercado Português) tem capacidade de diminuir o crescimento micelial de fungos patogénicos do solo, nomeadamente Fusarium spp.
- Professional Training Report. A Critical Analysis of Challenges and Techniques in Wine Production in Languedoc- Roussillon at Château Puech-HautPublication . Chont, Benjamin; Silva, Jorge Manuel Rodrigues Ricardo da; Maurel, PhilipThis study provides a comprehensive examination of Château Puech-Haut, a wine estate near Montpellier, France in Languedoc-Roussillon. It delves into the unique terroir and winemaking practices employed by the estate, across the wine appellations AOP Pic Saint-Loup, IGP Sables de Camargue, and AOP Languedoc - Saint-Drézéry. The geological and pedological profiles provide insights into the distinct climatic conditions faced by the winemakers. As global climate change accelerates, the need for viticultural adaptation will become necessary. A range of agronomic practices for erosion management, heat adaptation, hail damage, and frost prevention exist to address potential climate-related challenges. The research provides an in-depth analysis of red and rosé wine vinification processes, emphasizing the estate's commitment to crafting wines of exceptional character. Techniques such as cold settling, flotation, and cross-flow filtration are applied to rosé wine production to tailor attributes for specific styles and fermentation conditions. Technologies employing non- Saccharomyces yeast strains, modern fining agents, targeted nutrient supplements, and dissolved ozone cleaning are all used to increase the efficacy and quality of the wines. Red wine production follows a traditional approach, using cold maceration followed by alcoholic fermentation with various cap management practices. New technologies in winemaking can be applied to adapt to changing grape composition and consumer preference. Reverse osmosis can be used to control alcohol and sugar levels in wine and must. Fumaric acid, lysozyme, silver nanoparticles, and antimicrobial peptides mitigate the use of SO₂ in the winery. Kieselsol could improve fining by accelerating flocculation while the adoption of ceramic membranes for cross-flow filtration would aid in extraction of must from winery byproducts. Winery sanitation can be improved by implementing ozone cleaning protocols and the use of ozone or UV-C could be an improved method for barrel sanitization.
- Assessment of vine performance and grape composition in a vineyard established in Clos des Baobabs, Nguekhokh (Senegal) under fertirrigationPublication . Colin, Claire Arielle; Goulão, Luís Filipe Sanches; Normand, FrançoisThis study explores the effects of fertirrigation on vineyards and fruit in tropical environments, with a specific focus on Senegal's sole experimental vineyard, located in a warm semi-arid climate. Conducted from February to June 2023, the research aims to address the current gap in quantitative analysis and scientific support for viticulture in the country, providing insights and recommendations for improvement. The investigation involves a comprehensive analysis of soils, plants, grapes, and wine through detailed observations, measurements, and calculations, using simple and appropriate technologies that can be applied locally. Initial scrutiny involved a visual analysis to assess the vineyard's condition. The irrigation system's efficiency was gauged using a flowmeter, while probes estimated soil conditions (humidity, temperature). A Mason jar test determined soil changes during the fertilization period. Leaf area index measurements assessed canopy alterations. Fruitfulness was quantified by counting bunches per vine, and yield was determined post-harvest. The pH, probable alcohol, and titratable acidity were measured in grape juice before vatting. Prior to 2023, the annual yield consistently diminished to approximately 0.7 ton/ha, attributed to depleted soil and insufficient vine renewal. However, in 2023, the yield increased to 0.863 ton of grapes per hectare, showcasing large, juicy, and flavorful berries that contributed to expressive wine with a refreshing character. The findings indicate that fertirrigation positively influences soil structure, vine development, and grape production, facilitated by consistent fertilizer application throughout the vegetative cycle. Despite challenges shared with tropical regions, such as the absence of cool temperatures for breaking dormancy and low vine yields, our results underscore the favorable impact of systematic fertilizer application on vines and their fruit. The future trajectory of this work involves continuous observation and documentation of elements shaping viticultural practices in Senegal.
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