Browsing by Author "Figueiredo, Elisabete"
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- Os ácaros na cultura da amora em estufa e infestantesPublication . Pina, Silvia; Ferreira, Maria dos Anjos; Calha, Isabel; Figueiredo, ElisabeteAcarological surveys were carried out fortnightly from March to June 2011 on blackberries and weeds in a greenhouse at Fataca Experimental Farm in Odemira, in order to study species diversity and population interaction. This study focused on two blackberry cultivars, ‘Ouachita’ and ‘Karaka Black’. Sixteen mite species were identified on blackberries. The redberry mite Acalitus essigi (Hassan) was the most noxious mite in both cultivars, causing severe damage. However, the late maturing Ouachita cultivar was the most attacked by this eriophyid mite. The most common predacious mites were the stigmaeid Agistemus longisetus Gonzalez and the phytoseiids Amblyseius stipulatus Athias-Henriot and Amblyseius californicus (McGregor). From the 36 weed species identified, 22 were host plants of mites with agricultural interest, 14 mite species being identified. Phytoseiids, especially A. stipulatus, observed on 13 weed species, indifferent tydeids, in particular Orthotydeus californicus (Banks), observed on 10 weed species, and the stigmaeid A. longisetus, observed on seven weed species, were the predominant mites. These mite species also occurred on blackberries. The most important host weeds of mites were Amaranthus deflexus L., Chenopodium murale L., Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq., Conyza canadensis (L.) and Solanum nigrum L., mainly associated to predators, A. stipulatus and A. longisetus. From acarological point of view, safeguarding the competition relatively to some vegetal species, ground cover vegetation can be an important component of conservation biological control in blackberry crop, because host weeds of mites are mostly repositories of predacious species
- “An incredible voyage through Portugal” – the promotion of rural provenance foods by urban specialty shopsPublication . Forte, Teresa; Figueiredo, Elisabete; Silva, AlexandreThis article analyzes how rural provenance foods are portrayed by the promotional materials, websites and social media issued by urban specialty stores in Portugal. Even though provenance food may be defined in multiple ways as, among others, local, regional, traditional, and authentic, provenance is mostly about territories of origin: their biophysical characteristics, cultural values and practices of food production and preparation with socioeconomic and historical features. Interest in and consumption of rural provenance foods have increased in the last few decades and more recently have been accompanied by a growth of specialty food stores in urban contexts. To analyze these stores’ role in promoting rural provenance foods, content analysis was conducted on 7489 text and image files, collected from the websites, social media pages and printed materials of 30 stores located in three Portuguese cities (Aveiro, Lisbon and Porto). Data shows that the role of these stores is not limited to the commercialization of food products, but is also key in the promotion and dissemination of their physical, sensorial and symbolic features as well as of the material and immaterial characteristics of their places of origin at local, regional and national scales.
- Análise espacial das lojas urbanas especializadas, sua evolução e ligações rural-urbano através dos produtos agroalimentares de proveniência ruralPublication . Ribeiro, Carlos; Rocha, Jorge; Figueiredo, ElisabeteComo já mencionado no Capítulo 1, um dos objetivos do projeto STRINGS é a análise e mapeamento do trajeto dos produtos agroalimentares de proveniência rural, desde a sua origem até aos locais de comercialização e consumo. Neste sentido, o trabalho de georreferenciação e da análise espacial revelou-se particularmente importante para o projeto. Para além da tipificação das lojas especializadas localizadas em três cidades portuguesas (Aveiro, Lisboa e Porto), pretendeu-se também mapear as trajetórias espaciais dos produtos desde a sua produção até à sua comercialização e consumo. Para isto, importa compreender e caracterizar as principais as transformações ocorridas nos últimos anos nos territórios rurais, com especial enfoque nas áreas de origem dos produtos agroalimentares vendidos nas lojas analisadas no âmbito do projeto. Como discutido no Capítulo 2, para além da comercialização dos produtos agroalimentares de proveniência rural, estas lojas têm um papel na divulgação e promoção dos territórios rurais junto das populações urbanas nacionais e dos turistas internacionais (Figueiredo, 2021; Silva et al., 2021). Neste sentido, analisar e mapear as características destas lojas, designadamente, a sua área de influência, os padrões geográficos das cadeias de abastecimento dos produtos agroalimentares comercializados, e as relações espaciais entre produtores e comerciantes é também um objetivo importante do presente capítulo. Os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) constituem-se como a ferramenta ideal para o apoio da referida análise, permitindo espacializar as cadeias de relação entre os produtores e as lojas que vendem os produtos, assim como perceber a organização e distribuição das lojas nas cidades do Aveiro, Lisboa e Porto.
- Armadilhas de feromona sexual com luz para captura em massa de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), sim ou não ?Publication . Matos, Tiago; Figueiredo, Elisabete; Mexia, AntónioIn an assay performed in November 2010, adults captured in sexual pheromone water traps with and without light were counted. In traps with light a part of the insects were sampled for sex identification. Water traps for mass trapping which combined the attractive effect of sexual pheromone and light captured higher levels of Tuta absoluta adults than the traditional ones, with pheromone bait only. However, these traps were unable to capture females of T. absoluta (about 1.1% of the captured adults were females), an expected event due to the light effect. Although capturing higher number of males of T. absoluta, the lack of female captures makes it hard to justify the use of these traps, considering its high cost compared with conventional pheromone water traps.
- A Blot on the Landscape: Consensus and Controversies on Wind Farms in Rural PortugalPublication . Delicado, Ana; Truninger, Mónica; Figueiredo, Elisabete; Silva, Luís; Horta, AnaIn recent years, Portugal has witnessed the siting of 250 wind farms, particularly in mountainous and rural areas. Even though, unlike other European countries, general public consensus seemed at first to prevail, protests by local population and ENGOs have been increasing of late (many broadcast by the media) the outcomes of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) provide a good example. This chapter has two main objectives. On one hand, it examines how rural landscapes are discursively framed in the press when the Portuguese media picks up wind energy issues. On the other hand, by analysing EIA reports, it aims at identifying the social actors involved in the decision process of the siting of wind farms in rural or periurban areas, the arguments for and against the location of these facilities and how the (rural) landscape is framed and represented. The empirical material is drawn on three different sources: media analysis of the public discourse on landscape issues related to wind farms; an analysis of EIA reports regarding wind farms in Portugal and an analysis of official positions on this issue assessed through the Environmental Impact Declarations (EID) of EIA processes. It is concluded that despite the lack of media attention to landscape impacts’ of wind farms, the existing discursive frames are often attached to dichotomized cultural meanings: it either deems wind farms as technological tools for landscape progressive transformation or as a risk to its pristine image. As to the EIA reports, landscape matters are more visible and important and at times sufficient to reject approval or change of the siting of a wind farm.
- Coenosia attenuata (Diptera: Muscidae): um predador em estudo para utilização em culturas protegidasPublication . Martins, Joana; Domingos, Cíntia; Nunes, Raquel; Garcia, André; Ramos, Cristina; Mateus, Célia; Figueiredo, ElisabeteCoenosia attenuata Stein, or “tiger-fly”, a polyphagous predator of important agricultural pests, as larva and adult, was detected for the first time, in Portugal, in 2002, in the “Oeste” region. For mass rearing optimization, the methodologies described in literature were changed. A higher number of emergences occurred on substrates with higher number of sciarids larvae and on the substrate with soil mixed with coconut fiber. The predation capacity and behaviour of C. attenuata was studied in laboratory in relation to several species, including parasitoids and predators with an important role in protected crops. All species tested were predated: Diglyphus isaea, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Drosophila melanogaster, Eretmocerus mundus, Nesidiocoris tenuis, Orius laevigatus, Dacnusa sibirica, Pseudococcus viburni, Tuta absoluta and some Psycodidae species. There was evidence of female preference for whiteflies and leafminers in relation to Diglyphus isaea, as well as predation behaviour differences over whiteflies when leafminers or drosophilids were present.
- Community perceptions of renewable energies in Portugal: Impacts on environment, landscape and local developmentPublication . Delicado, Ana; Figueiredo, Elisabete; Silva, LuísThis article aims to contribute to the debate on energy transitions in Europe, by focusing on community perceptions in a southern European country marked by a significant development of renewable energy in recent years, Portugal. Three main dimensions of community perceptions of the impact, both positive and negative, of renewables are addressed: environmental, landscape and socioeconomic. The article is based on case studies of communities living in the vicinities of three wind farms and a solar power plant. The results show that not only community perceptions are heterogeneous but also that, in order to better understand the factors for social acceptance, it is crucial to examine perceptions not just at the planning stage but also once the energy infrastructures are constructed and functioning.
- Conclusão – Dos Campos para as Cidades – o papel dos produtos agroalimentares de proveniência rural nas novas relações rural-urbano e no desenvolvimento ruralPublication . Figueiredo, Elisabete; Truninger, Monica; Forte, Teresa; Silva, Alexandre; Eusébio, Celeste
- Consuming Rural Territories through Food – A Segmentation Analysis Based on the Food Choices of Urban Specialty Stores’ CustomersPublication . Figueiredo, Elisabete; Forte, Teresa; Eusébio, Celeste; Silva, Alexandre; Truninger, MonicaThe increasing interest of consumers in rural provenance food products is known to meet concerns regarding authenticity, health, safety, and sustain-ability and to be based on knowledge and familiarity. Based on the results of a survey to 1553 customers of 24 urban specialty shops, located in three Portuguese cities, this study aims at identifying different segments of con-sumers of rural provenance foods according to the criteria they value when acquiring and consuming those products. From a hierarchical cluster analysis based on shopping preferences, three clusters were identified: The Influenced, choosing the products mainly by recommendation; The Provenance Seekers, privileging provenance and related qualities; and The All- embracers, considering a multiplicity of criteria when shopping. These clus-ters differ in terms of socio-demographic profiles, products bought, con-sumption behavior, familiarity with rural areas, and images of food products and territories of provenance. Results show the mutual influence of these dimensions on food preferences.
- Contrasting Phenotypic Variability of Life-History Traits of Two Feral Populations of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) under Two Alternative DietsPublication . Borges, Isabel; Oliveira, Luísa; Durão, Ana C.; Arruda, Patrícia; Figueiredo, Elisabete; Franco, José Carlos; Lucas, Eric; Soares, António O.Tuta absoluta is a major pest attacking tomato crops. This invasive species emerged in Europe (Spain) in 2006, and 3 years later it spread to Portugal. In 2009/2010, it was recorded for the first time in the Azores archipelago. Macrolophus pygmaeus is a predator widely used as biological control agent against the tomato leaf miner. This study contrasted the life-history traits and population growth parameters of two feral populations of M. pygmaeus, one from Portugal mainland and one from the Azores archipelago. The predators were tested on single prey diet, either of Ephestia kuehniella eggs, a factitious prey used for mass rearing of mirids, or T. absoluta eggs. We predicted that populations would express differences in its phenotypic characteristics, with the Azorean population displaying low performance due to likely low genetic diversity, as expected for insular populations. Our results revealed the inexistence of phenotypic differences in several life history traits, such as immature developmental time, female longevity, males’ body weight and sex ratio. Contrary to our predictions, traits with direct impact on fitness, such as lifetime fertility (95.78 ± 14.23 vs. 61.38 ± 13.52 nymphs), explain better performances for the population of the Azores. Azorean M. pygmaeus females were larger, matured earlier and reproduced at a higher rate for longer periods, than mainland females. Therefore, population growth parameters show a positive advantage for the population of the Azores, fed on T. absoluta (time required for doubling the population Azores, Ek: 8.42 ± 0.50, Ta: 5.76 ± 0.31 and mainland, Ek: 10.88 ± 1.94, Ta: 12.07 ± 3.15). Biological performance of M. pygmaeus was similar when fed with T. absoluta or E. kuehniella that could be beneficial both to optimize mass production of the predator and biological control of the pest. Our results are discussed as well in a fundamental perspective, seeking if differences in biological performance can be explained by lower genetic diversity driven by geographic isolation.