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Tribunal do Júri : precedente histórico, linha evolutiva e sua consolidação em face do estado de direito brasileiro
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A presente pesquisa pretende indicar o precedente histórico do tribunal do júri, bem como definir uma linha evolutiva, academicamente defensável, desde a formação mais elementar até serem alcançadas as complexas, com o fim de fazer sua contextualização no Estado de direito brasileiro. Antes de tudo, idealiza-se o advento, em seu formato embrionário, e, a partir daí, constrói-se uma classificação ascendente, que leva em consideração a capacidade de resolver problemas internos, sem colocar em risco o sistema social. As sociedades mais basilares disponíveis para estudo auxiliam a investigação no início, no sentido de ser feita a identificação dos primeiros movimentos adaptativos. Em segundo lugar, faz-se a transição do que seria a fase primitiva para a arcaica, que coincide com o advento da escrita, sempre sob a ótica das decisões colegiadas. Depois de explicar o potencial do grupo para conter frustrações individuais, propõe-se como o júri pode ter contribuído para a consolidação do que se concebe hodiernamente por direito. Então, já no ambiente de formação do devido processo legal, expõe-se como as revoluções liberais foram importantes para a difusão do instituto popular de resolução de conflitos pelo mundo, até que passou a ser adotado no Brasil. Após a descrição das trajetórias constitucional e legal, são feitas ponderações acerca de sua inclusão no artigo que enumera “cláusulas pétreas” brasileiras. Por fim, sugere-se porque tal formato se tornou um dos tipos mais complexos, detentor de princípios constitucionais específicos, que limitam o poder legislativo reformador e a interpretação das próprias normas sobre os casos concretos. Com isso, em hipótese, consegue-se unir as fases de uma possível evolução: primitiva, arcaica, imperial, germinativa, liberal e contemporânea, justificando-se sua consolidação no ambiente do Estado democrático de direito.
The present research intends to indicate the historical precedent of the jury's court, as well as define an academically defensible developed line. This line was reached and ranges from the most elementary formation up to the most complex one, in order to make its contextualization in the Brazilian rule of law. Firstly, the advent is idealized in its embryonic form and, from there, an ascending classification is constructed, which considers the capacity to solve internal problems without endangering the social system. The most basic societies available to be studied assist the investigation at the beginning, in the sense of the identification of the first adaptive movements. Secondly, the transition from what would be the primitive phase to the archaic, which coincides with the invention of writing, always under the optics of collective decision making. After explaining that the potential of the group must keep down individual frustrations, it is proposed as to how the jury may have contributed to the consolidation of what is currently conceived by law. So, already in the environment on due process of law, it is exposed as to how the liberal revolutions were important for the diffusion of the popular institute of conflict resolution by the world, until it happened to be adopted by Brazil. After the description of the constitutional and legal trajectories, considerations are made about its inclusion in the article that lists “Brazilian fundamental clauses”. Finally, it is suggested that such a format has become one of the most complex types, holding specific constitutional principles, which limit the legislative power of reform and the legal interpretation to apply on concrete cases. Thus, under theoretical construction, it is possible to join the phases of a possible evolution: primitive, archaic, imperial, germinative, liberal and contemporary, justifying its consolidation in the environment of the democratic rule of law.
The present research intends to indicate the historical precedent of the jury's court, as well as define an academically defensible developed line. This line was reached and ranges from the most elementary formation up to the most complex one, in order to make its contextualization in the Brazilian rule of law. Firstly, the advent is idealized in its embryonic form and, from there, an ascending classification is constructed, which considers the capacity to solve internal problems without endangering the social system. The most basic societies available to be studied assist the investigation at the beginning, in the sense of the identification of the first adaptive movements. Secondly, the transition from what would be the primitive phase to the archaic, which coincides with the invention of writing, always under the optics of collective decision making. After explaining that the potential of the group must keep down individual frustrations, it is proposed as to how the jury may have contributed to the consolidation of what is currently conceived by law. So, already in the environment on due process of law, it is exposed as to how the liberal revolutions were important for the diffusion of the popular institute of conflict resolution by the world, until it happened to be adopted by Brazil. After the description of the constitutional and legal trajectories, considerations are made about its inclusion in the article that lists “Brazilian fundamental clauses”. Finally, it is suggested that such a format has become one of the most complex types, holding specific constitutional principles, which limit the legislative power of reform and the legal interpretation to apply on concrete cases. Thus, under theoretical construction, it is possible to join the phases of a possible evolution: primitive, archaic, imperial, germinative, liberal and contemporary, justifying its consolidation in the environment of the democratic rule of law.
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Júri Origem Evolução histórica Modelos Trial by jury Origin Historical evolution Models