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Abstract(s)
Poderá uma filosofia política kantiana determinar normas jurídicas e políticas
universais? A presente investigação irá analisar a filosofia do direito de Kant e avaliar a
possibilidade de esta constituir uma alternativa filosófica fértil no contexto teórico
contemporâneo. Avaliar-se-á a sua estratégia de legitimação dos princípios fundamentais
do Direito e do correspondente critério de justiça, comparando esta estratégia com
alternativas como a teoria do contrato social. Pretendo demonstrar que esta teoria kantiana
possui um conjunto de características únicas que muitas vezes foram obscurecidas na
interpretação do pensamento do autor. Entre estas características está a qualidade
fundamentalmente republicana da sua conceção de liberdade jurídica ou a metodologia
crítica que emprega na justificação do direito humano fundamental. Pretendo igualmente
defender a filosofia política kantiana de duas críticas comuns: de (i) consistir num
formalismo vazio desprovido de consequências e de (ii) consistir numa teoria moralista,
que subordina a normatividade da política à normatividade ética. Para tal, será
argumentado que (i) o princípio fundamental do Direito possui uma miríade de
consequência politicamente relevantes e (ii) que a filosofia política de Kant se baseia
numa conceção antimetafísica e inerentemente pública de racionalidade prática que
permite conferir autonomia ao domínio da normatividade jurídico-política. No entanto,
como demostrarei, esta leitura antimetafísica da conceção de racionalidade prática é
ambígua de um ponto de vista exegético e, como tal, pode ser interpretada de maneira
distinta. Concluirei com a formulação devida desta conceção, segundo uma leitura
construtivista.
Is a Kantian political philosophy able to determine juridical and political norms with a universal scope? The present investigation will analyse Kant’s philosophy of right and evaluate its possibility to constitute itself as a fertile philosophical alternative in the contemporary theoretical context. I will evaluate its legitimation strategy of the fundamental principles of right, and the correspondent criterium of rightness, while comparing this strategy with alternative ones, such as social contract theory’s. I will demonstrate that this Kantian theory possesses a unique set of qualities, that have long been obscured in the interpretation of the author’s thought. These include the fundamentally republican quality of his juridical concept of liberty, or the critical methodology applied in the justification of the fundamental human right. I will also defend Kantian political philosophy from two common critiques: that it consists in (i) an empty formalism without relevant consequences and (ii) that it consists in a moralist political theory, that subordinates political normativity to ethical normativity. It will be argued that (i) the fundamental principle of Right possesses a myriad of politically relevant consequences and (ii) that Kant’s political philosophy is based on an antimetaphysical and inherently public conception of practical rationality, that can confer autonomy to the domain of juridic and political normativity. Yet, as I will show, this antimetaphysical reading of practical rationality is ambiguous from an exegetical point of view and, thus, can be interpreted in a different manner. I will conclude with the proper formulation of this conception, according to a constructivist reading.
Is a Kantian political philosophy able to determine juridical and political norms with a universal scope? The present investigation will analyse Kant’s philosophy of right and evaluate its possibility to constitute itself as a fertile philosophical alternative in the contemporary theoretical context. I will evaluate its legitimation strategy of the fundamental principles of right, and the correspondent criterium of rightness, while comparing this strategy with alternative ones, such as social contract theory’s. I will demonstrate that this Kantian theory possesses a unique set of qualities, that have long been obscured in the interpretation of the author’s thought. These include the fundamentally republican quality of his juridical concept of liberty, or the critical methodology applied in the justification of the fundamental human right. I will also defend Kantian political philosophy from two common critiques: that it consists in (i) an empty formalism without relevant consequences and (ii) that it consists in a moralist political theory, that subordinates political normativity to ethical normativity. It will be argued that (i) the fundamental principle of Right possesses a myriad of politically relevant consequences and (ii) that Kant’s political philosophy is based on an antimetaphysical and inherently public conception of practical rationality, that can confer autonomy to the domain of juridic and political normativity. Yet, as I will show, this antimetaphysical reading of practical rationality is ambiguous from an exegetical point of view and, thus, can be interpreted in a different manner. I will conclude with the proper formulation of this conception, according to a constructivist reading.
Description
Keywords
Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 - Filosofia política Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 - Direito - Filosofia Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 - Razão Razão prática Republicanismo Teses de mestrado - 2023