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Pharmacist´s role in flu immunisation:
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Contextualização. A vacinação é a maneira mais eficaz de prevenir infeções graves por influenza, especialmente naqueles que pertencem a grupos de risco. Contudo, as taxas de vacinação mantêm-se abaixo das metas desejadas. Para combater esta problemática, os farmacêuticos têm ganhado o poder legal de praticar o ato de vacinação em diversos países, incluindo Portugal.
Objetivos. Avaliar o papel do farmacêutico enquanto prestador do serviço de vacinação contra a gripe sazonal, do ponto de vista internacional e nacional. Adicionalmente, pretendeu-se determinar o impacto da extensão do programa de vacinação contra a gripe sazonal do Serviço Nacional de Saúde às farmácias comunitárias de Loures.
Métodos. Foi realizada uma revisão abrangente da literatura. Todos os artigos que correspondessem aos critérios de inclusão foram considerados. Para o segundo capítulo, dados relativos às práticas portuguesas de vacinação foram reunidos e analisados, a fim de se caraterizar o serviço de vacinação nas farmácias. Por fim, um caso de estudo foi apresentado. Uma metodologia antes e depois foi usada para avaliar o impacto do projeto na cobertura vacinal e no número de inoculações. Outros resultados foram considerados: a caraterização sociodemográfica dos indivíduos vacinados, a sua satisfação, tempos de espera e tempo e meios de transporte usados na deslocação à farmácia.
Resultados. Um total de 36 artigos científicos foi incluído na revisão. Os farmacêuticos demonstraram ser um recurso valioso enquanto prestadores do serviço de vacinação contra a gripe sazonal, uma vez que aumentam o acesso e a satisfação dos utentes, enquanto aliviam a pressão de trabalho das unidades de saúde primárias. A primeira campanha de vacinação nas farmácias foi implementada em 2008. Dez anos depois, em Loures, as mesmas condições de vacinação oferecidas nos centros de saúde foram aplicadas às farmácias, resultando num total de 17 308 vacinas SNS administradas e em satisfação e grau de acesso elevados.
Conclusões. Os farmacêuticos têm potencial para melhorar o serviço de vacinação em diversas vertentes. No futuro, devem continuar a ser considerados e encorajados a fazer parte desse processo. A extensão da iniciativa de Loures a todo o país deve ser considerada.
Background. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent serious influenza infection, especially in those at-risk. However, flu vaccination rates among the world remain below the desired targets. To overcome this problem, pharmacists have becoming flu vaccine immunisers in several countries, including Portugal. Aims. To evaluate the pharmacist´s role in flu immunisation as vaccine providers, both from an international and national perspectives. Furthermore, to determine the impact of extending the NHS flu vaccination programme to Loures community pharmacies. Methods. A scoping review following the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and the PRISMA-ScR instructions was conducted. All the articles that met the inclusion criteria were considered. For the second chapter, data regarding Portuguese flu vaccination practices were gathered and analysed to characterise the Portuguese pharmacy-based service over the years. A case-study from Loures was further presented. A before-and-after methodology was used to evaluate the impact of the project in the flu immunisation coverage and in the number of inoculations. Other outcomes measures were considered: the sociodemographic characteristics of the vaccinated population, satisfaction and waiting time concerning the service, and time and means of transport to get the vaccine at the pharmacy. Results. A final number of 36 studies were included in the scoping review. Pharmacists have shown to be a valuable resource in the flu vaccination process as immunisers. They increase the accessibility and the satisfaction of the immunisation service, while realising workload from the primary healthcare facilities. In Portugal, the first flu immunisation campaign in CPs was implemented in 2008. Ten years later, in Loures, the same flu vaccination conditions of the GPs were offered in the CPs. As a result, a total of 17 308 NHS flu vaccinations were administered in pharmacies, and overall satisfaction and accessibility were high. Conclusions. Pharmacists have the potential to improve the vaccination service in numerous ways. In the future, they should continue to be considered and encouraged to take part on the flu vaccination process as flu vaccine providers. Moreover, the extension of the Loures initiative to the national level should be considered.
Background. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent serious influenza infection, especially in those at-risk. However, flu vaccination rates among the world remain below the desired targets. To overcome this problem, pharmacists have becoming flu vaccine immunisers in several countries, including Portugal. Aims. To evaluate the pharmacist´s role in flu immunisation as vaccine providers, both from an international and national perspectives. Furthermore, to determine the impact of extending the NHS flu vaccination programme to Loures community pharmacies. Methods. A scoping review following the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and the PRISMA-ScR instructions was conducted. All the articles that met the inclusion criteria were considered. For the second chapter, data regarding Portuguese flu vaccination practices were gathered and analysed to characterise the Portuguese pharmacy-based service over the years. A case-study from Loures was further presented. A before-and-after methodology was used to evaluate the impact of the project in the flu immunisation coverage and in the number of inoculations. Other outcomes measures were considered: the sociodemographic characteristics of the vaccinated population, satisfaction and waiting time concerning the service, and time and means of transport to get the vaccine at the pharmacy. Results. A final number of 36 studies were included in the scoping review. Pharmacists have shown to be a valuable resource in the flu vaccination process as immunisers. They increase the accessibility and the satisfaction of the immunisation service, while realising workload from the primary healthcare facilities. In Portugal, the first flu immunisation campaign in CPs was implemented in 2008. Ten years later, in Loures, the same flu vaccination conditions of the GPs were offered in the CPs. As a result, a total of 17 308 NHS flu vaccinations were administered in pharmacies, and overall satisfaction and accessibility were high. Conclusions. Pharmacists have the potential to improve the vaccination service in numerous ways. In the future, they should continue to be considered and encouraged to take part on the flu vaccination process as flu vaccine providers. Moreover, the extension of the Loures initiative to the national level should be considered.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Flu Immunisation Community pharmacy Portugal Mestrado integrado - 2022