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Publication
Os palácios da “Representação Nacional”. Identidade e poder nos edifícios do Governo no Estado Novo
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Abstract(s)
O Estado Novo português (1933-1974) ocupou, sobretudo, espaços para os seus órgãos de soberania que já possuíam anteriormente essa função, remodelando-os consoante o seu entendimento estético. Quando justificado, planeou novos imóveis. A presente investigação assenta na análise dos edifícios representativos do poder central – Presidência do Conselho e Assembleia Nacional (Palácio de São Bento) e Ministérios (Praça do Comércio), em Lisboa, fundamentada na inexistência de uma abordagem global das intervenções arquitetónicas e artísticas efetuadas nesses espaços, impondo-se, portanto, colmatar uma lacuna na historiografia da arte deste período. São abarcados programas, planos e projetos tanto concretizados, como não materializados, e considera-se a estrutura burocrática dominante e os diversos agentes envolvidos, da esfera política e decisória aos domínios de planeamento urbano, produção arquitetónica e criação artística.
Pretende-se contribuir para a compreensão dos processos de veiculação de uma imagem representativa do regime político e de estabelecimento de uma identidade coletiva, quer pela atuação sobre edifícios com marcado simbolismo e valor patrimonial atribuído, quer pela construção de raiz, incluindo os vários elementos de encenação espacial, concretamente obras de arte e mobiliário. A análise é enquadrada nas políticas de fomento de obras públicas estrangeiras coevas.
O estudo adquire relevância no contexto atual de valorização do património edificado, particularmente enquanto recurso económico no quadro de uma recente conjuntura de reconversão de alguns espaços outrora ocupados pelos organismos do Governo. Desta forma, atenta-se em questões de utilização continuada desde a revolução de 1974, e de manutenção e alteração de funções. Reflete-se acerca da “patrimonialização” do legado imóvel do Estado Novo, alvo de adaptações várias, atentando no conceito de difficult heritage e na necessidade de implementar práticas de memória crítica perante um legado que se revela quotidianamente invisível.
The government bodies of the Portuguese Estado Novo (New State, 1933-1974) were mainly housed in buildings that previously had this function and were adapted according to sanctioned aesthetic taste. When justified, new buildings were constructed. This research is based on the analysis of representative buildings for the central power – Presidency of the Council of Ministers and National Assembly (Palace of São Bento) and Ministries (Praça do Comércio), in Lisbon –, as it is necessary to fill in a gap in the historiography of this period given the lack of a global approach on the architectural and artistic interventions carried out in these spaces. It encompasses programs, plans, and projects, both built and not built, and considers the dominant bureaucratic structure and the various agents involved, from the political and decision-making sphere to the domains of urban planning, architectural production, and artistic creation. The research aims to contribute to the understanding of the processes used to propagate a representative image of the political regime and to establish a collective identity, either by acting on buildings with evident symbolism and ascribed heritage value, or by building from scratch, including the various elements applied for spatial enactment, specifically works of art and furniture. The analysis takes contemporary foreign public works policies into account. The study becomes relevant in the present-day context of valorisation of built heritage, particularly as an economic asset within recent reconversions of some spaces formerly occupied by Government bodies. Therefore, attention is paid to issues of continued use since the 1974 democratic revolution, as well as of maintenance and change of functions. Reflection on the “heritagization” of the built legacy from the Estado Novo, which has been subject to several adaptations, contemplates the concept of difficult heritage considering the need to implement critical memory practices in the face of a legacy that reveals itself to be invisible daily.
The government bodies of the Portuguese Estado Novo (New State, 1933-1974) were mainly housed in buildings that previously had this function and were adapted according to sanctioned aesthetic taste. When justified, new buildings were constructed. This research is based on the analysis of representative buildings for the central power – Presidency of the Council of Ministers and National Assembly (Palace of São Bento) and Ministries (Praça do Comércio), in Lisbon –, as it is necessary to fill in a gap in the historiography of this period given the lack of a global approach on the architectural and artistic interventions carried out in these spaces. It encompasses programs, plans, and projects, both built and not built, and considers the dominant bureaucratic structure and the various agents involved, from the political and decision-making sphere to the domains of urban planning, architectural production, and artistic creation. The research aims to contribute to the understanding of the processes used to propagate a representative image of the political regime and to establish a collective identity, either by acting on buildings with evident symbolism and ascribed heritage value, or by building from scratch, including the various elements applied for spatial enactment, specifically works of art and furniture. The analysis takes contemporary foreign public works policies into account. The study becomes relevant in the present-day context of valorisation of built heritage, particularly as an economic asset within recent reconversions of some spaces formerly occupied by Government bodies. Therefore, attention is paid to issues of continued use since the 1974 democratic revolution, as well as of maintenance and change of functions. Reflection on the “heritagization” of the built legacy from the Estado Novo, which has been subject to several adaptations, contemplates the concept of difficult heritage considering the need to implement critical memory practices in the face of a legacy that reveals itself to be invisible daily.
Description
Keywords
Palácio de São Bento (Portugal) - Conservação e restauro - séc.20 Edifícios públicos - Portugal - séc.20 - Conservação e restauro Património cultural - Portugal - séc.20 Praça do Comércio (Portugal) - Conservação e restauro - séc.20 Teses de doutoramento - 2023