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Abstract(s)
A nossa tese procurou materializar uma biografia política de José Relvas (1858-
1929). O foco de análise foi centrado nos esteios da sua ação como republicano,
procurando esclarecer as doutrinas sociais e económicas que preconizava. Para isso,
recolhemos e sistematizámos, de forma exaustiva, a produção escrita desta multifacetada
figura dos séculos XIX e XX, dispersa em documentos inéditos e em publicações várias.
Este trabalho desenvolveu-se na base de três objetivos fundamentais: a elaboração de uma
narrativa biográfica completa de José Relvas; a análise e a sistematização do pensamento
político e social do biografado; e a problematização das várias fases do seu
relacionamento com o movimento republicano.
A nossa investigação revelou que o envolvimento político de José Relvas foi
bastante mais tardio do que se supunha e se prolongou no tempo para além das suas
últimas funções governativas. O primeiro cargo público documentado data de 1885 e o
último comício vinícola onde participou decorreu em julho de 1929. Deste modo, o
horizonte temporal centrou-se no seu percurso de vida, organizado em 12 capítulos,
correspondentes a diferentes fases da sua vida. Na boa medida das fontes disponíveis, dos
estudos existentes e do enfoque da investigação, o período entre 1907 e 1919 foi,
naturalmente, desenvolvido com maior detalhe. Na verdade, corresponde aos anos de
maior envolvimento político como republicano de José Relvas, (a adesão ao Partido
Republicano e as últimas funções governativas desempenhadas). O título escolhido
pretende orientar a nossa análise para as suas preocupações com a “questão social”,
procurando esclarecer como esta era defendia por José Relvas, na sua atuação, no seu
engajamento associativo e na sua ação política, no contexto do movimento republicano,
durante as fases de revolução, de afirmação e de colapso da I República. De que forma o
idealismo, quase sempre deu lugar ao pragmatismo, nas ações políticas e governativa,
constituiu a questão-chave.
This PhD thesis intends to be a political biography of José Relvas (1858-1929) based on the mainstays of his action as republican, seeking to clarify the social and economic doctrines he advocated. In order to do this, we collected and systematize the written production of this eclectic personality of the XIX and XX centuries, dispersed in unpublished documents, press materials and various other publications. Our work was developed on the basis of three fundamental objectives: the elaboration of a complete biographical narrative of José Relvas; the analysis and systematization of Relvas’s political and social thinking, based on his writings and actions; and the theorization of the various phases of its relationship with the Portuguese republican movement. Our research in multiple archives, both local, regional and national, but mainly in the several hundreds of documents of the Historical Archive of Casa dos Patudos (ACHP), shows that José Relvas political involvement has much earlier roots than the ones assumed by the scientific literature, and that his public engagement continued long after the abandonment of the last governing responsibility he held. The first documented public office dates of 1885, and the last rally of wine producers, in which José Relvas actively participated, took place in July 1929, just two months before his death. Therefore, the time spam of the thesis focused on the subject entire life course, organized in twelve chapters, dedicated to several aspects of his biography. Naturally, on the grounds of the available sources and the preexisting studies, our research focus was much more developed in detail for the period between 1907 to 1919, the date of José Relvas most intense political and republican involvement, (the joining the Portuguese Republican Party and the latest national political office). The title chosen intends to guide our analysis on the concerns with the “social problem” seeking to clarify what ideas to solve such conflicts where defended by the “agrarian leader” in his political activity in the context of the Portuguese republican movement, during the phases of the revolution, the implementation and the demise of the first republican regime in Portugal. How and why idealism almost always gave way to pragmatism in political and governing actions, were the key issues we intended to address.
This PhD thesis intends to be a political biography of José Relvas (1858-1929) based on the mainstays of his action as republican, seeking to clarify the social and economic doctrines he advocated. In order to do this, we collected and systematize the written production of this eclectic personality of the XIX and XX centuries, dispersed in unpublished documents, press materials and various other publications. Our work was developed on the basis of three fundamental objectives: the elaboration of a complete biographical narrative of José Relvas; the analysis and systematization of Relvas’s political and social thinking, based on his writings and actions; and the theorization of the various phases of its relationship with the Portuguese republican movement. Our research in multiple archives, both local, regional and national, but mainly in the several hundreds of documents of the Historical Archive of Casa dos Patudos (ACHP), shows that José Relvas political involvement has much earlier roots than the ones assumed by the scientific literature, and that his public engagement continued long after the abandonment of the last governing responsibility he held. The first documented public office dates of 1885, and the last rally of wine producers, in which José Relvas actively participated, took place in July 1929, just two months before his death. Therefore, the time spam of the thesis focused on the subject entire life course, organized in twelve chapters, dedicated to several aspects of his biography. Naturally, on the grounds of the available sources and the preexisting studies, our research focus was much more developed in detail for the period between 1907 to 1919, the date of José Relvas most intense political and republican involvement, (the joining the Portuguese Republican Party and the latest national political office). The title chosen intends to guide our analysis on the concerns with the “social problem” seeking to clarify what ideas to solve such conflicts where defended by the “agrarian leader” in his political activity in the context of the Portuguese republican movement, during the phases of the revolution, the implementation and the demise of the first republican regime in Portugal. How and why idealism almost always gave way to pragmatism in political and governing actions, were the key issues we intended to address.
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Keywords
Relvas, José, 1858-1929 - Biografias Relvas, José, 1858-1929 - Pensamento político e social Portugal - História - séc.19-20 Teses de doutoramento - 2022