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Áreas sintáticas no território português
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Este trabalho investiga o papel da sintaxe na classificação dos dialetos portugueses e estuda, em particular, a competição gerúndio/a+infinitivo em perífrases aspetuais atestada no português dialetal (PD). A tese inscreve-se na área da sintaxe dialetal comparada e segue uma abordagem geolinguística.
Tenho como base empírica o CORDIAL-SIN – Corpus Dialetal para o Estudo da Sintaxe. Recorri, para a análise comparativa, a material do Corpus de Referência do Português Contemporâneo (CRPC) e a dados do galego extraídos do Corpus de Referencia do Galego Actual (CORGA) e do Tesouro Informatizado da Lingua Galega (TILG).
A dissertação tem duas partes centrais. Na Parte I, o objetivo é delimitar áreas sintáticas em Portugal e confrontar esses dados com a divisão dialetal portuguesa proposta pela dialetologia tradicional a partir do léxico e da fonologia. Na Parte II, centro-me na alternância entre gerúndio e a+infinitivo em perífrases aspetuais, estudada numa perspetiva teórica e comparativa que inclui dados do galego, com o objetivo de caracterizar a variação e explicar, particularmente, a competição em perífrases com estar.
Mostro que é possível identificar seis tipos básicos de áreas sintáticas em Portugal. Observa-se paralelismo entre estas divisões e as propostas pela dialetologia tradicional, mas também novas configurações, que incluem os dialetos insulares. Quanto à competição estar+gerúndio/a+infinitivo, defendo que a variação é influenciada por aspetos semânticos e pragmáticos: (i) pela tipologia semântica do verbo principal (cf. Halliday 1994); (ii) pelos traços de duratividade e telicidade inerentes ao verbo e (iii) pelo grau de fisicidade das entidades que representa. Concluo que os aspetos que influenciam a variação são mais evidentes no galego do que no PD e atribuo esse facto a um estádio mais inicial dessa língua, comparativamente ao português, no percurso de substituição de gerúndio por a+infinitivo. Defendo que a variação sincrónica observada no PD e no galego reflete uma mudança linguística e é explicada de uma perspetiva diacrónica.
O trabalho desenvolvido evidencia o contributo da sintaxe dialetal comparada para a geolinguística e para a teorização sobre a alternância entre gerúndio e a+infinitivo no seio das línguas românicas.
This work investigates the role of syntax in the classification of Portuguese dialects, and focuses on the study of gerund/a+infinitive alternation in aspectual periphrasis attested in dialectal Portuguese (DP). It is a study on comparative dialect syntax that follows a geolinguistic approach. The study relies on empirical data from CORDIAL-SIN – Corpus Dialetal para o Estudo da Sintaxe. For the contrastive analysis, data from standard European Portuguese were extracted from the Corpus de Referência do Português Contemporâneo (CRPC); for the comparison with Galician, data from Corpus de Referencia do Galego Actual (CORGA), and Tesouro Informatizado da Lingua Galega (TILG) were used. Two main parts compose this dissertation. Part I aims to delimit syntactic areas in Portugal, by indentifying non-standard syntactic constructions and geoghraphically characterizing them, also while looking at data from previous works on dialect syntax that first suggest the existence of syntactic areas in Portugal (cf. Carrilho e Pereira 2011). The final goal is to compare those syntactic configurations to traditional dialect areas defined on the basis of other types of linguistic data, namely phonological and lexical material. In Part II, I focus on the gerund/a+infinitive alternation in aspectual constructions, which I analyse in a theoretical and contrastive approach that includes data from Galician. My goal is to explain the variation in constructions with estar, in particular. I show that it is possible to identify six types of syntactic areas in Portugal. These show similarities with traditional dialect areas, especially with the divisions based on lexical data (cf. Cintra 1962). Also, new configurations are obtained that include the characterization of Madeira and Azores islands, which traditionally have been less studied. As for the gerund/a+infinitive competition, I show that the alternation is influenced by semantic and pragmatic features, namely: (i) the semantic type of the main verb (cf. Halliday 1994); (ii) the inherent verbal features of durativity and telicity; and (iii) the level of corporeality expressed by the main verb. I show that the linguistic aspects that can influence the variation are more visible in Galician than in DP, which I attribute to a less advanced stage of the former regarding the process of replacing gerund with a+infinitive. I argue that this synchronic variation attested in Galician and DP is a result of a diachronic change observed cross-linguistically. This dissertation highlights the contribution of comparative dialect syntax to geolinguistic studies, as it allowed me to identify syntactic areas in Portugal that strengthen the classification of Portuguese dialects. Also, it shows its contribution to linguistic theory, in that this study brings more knowledge not only to the syntax of Portuguese, but also to the gerund/a+infinitive competition attested in Romance languages.
This work investigates the role of syntax in the classification of Portuguese dialects, and focuses on the study of gerund/a+infinitive alternation in aspectual periphrasis attested in dialectal Portuguese (DP). It is a study on comparative dialect syntax that follows a geolinguistic approach. The study relies on empirical data from CORDIAL-SIN – Corpus Dialetal para o Estudo da Sintaxe. For the contrastive analysis, data from standard European Portuguese were extracted from the Corpus de Referência do Português Contemporâneo (CRPC); for the comparison with Galician, data from Corpus de Referencia do Galego Actual (CORGA), and Tesouro Informatizado da Lingua Galega (TILG) were used. Two main parts compose this dissertation. Part I aims to delimit syntactic areas in Portugal, by indentifying non-standard syntactic constructions and geoghraphically characterizing them, also while looking at data from previous works on dialect syntax that first suggest the existence of syntactic areas in Portugal (cf. Carrilho e Pereira 2011). The final goal is to compare those syntactic configurations to traditional dialect areas defined on the basis of other types of linguistic data, namely phonological and lexical material. In Part II, I focus on the gerund/a+infinitive alternation in aspectual constructions, which I analyse in a theoretical and contrastive approach that includes data from Galician. My goal is to explain the variation in constructions with estar, in particular. I show that it is possible to identify six types of syntactic areas in Portugal. These show similarities with traditional dialect areas, especially with the divisions based on lexical data (cf. Cintra 1962). Also, new configurations are obtained that include the characterization of Madeira and Azores islands, which traditionally have been less studied. As for the gerund/a+infinitive competition, I show that the alternation is influenced by semantic and pragmatic features, namely: (i) the semantic type of the main verb (cf. Halliday 1994); (ii) the inherent verbal features of durativity and telicity; and (iii) the level of corporeality expressed by the main verb. I show that the linguistic aspects that can influence the variation are more visible in Galician than in DP, which I attribute to a less advanced stage of the former regarding the process of replacing gerund with a+infinitive. I argue that this synchronic variation attested in Galician and DP is a result of a diachronic change observed cross-linguistically. This dissertation highlights the contribution of comparative dialect syntax to geolinguistic studies, as it allowed me to identify syntactic areas in Portugal that strengthen the classification of Portuguese dialects. Also, it shows its contribution to linguistic theory, in that this study brings more knowledge not only to the syntax of Portuguese, but also to the gerund/a+infinitive competition attested in Romance languages.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Língua portuguesa - Sintaxe Língua portuguesa - Variação linguística Língua portuguesa - Dialectos Língua galega - Sintaxe Língua galega - Variação linguística Língua galega - Dialectos Linguística comparada Teses de doutoramento - 2021