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Plantas e produtos vegetais com acção na doença inflamatória intestinal: doença de Crohn e colite ulcerosa
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A Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII) é uma patologia crónica de carácter inflamatório que inclui essencialmente a Doença de Crohn e a Colite Ulcerosa. A sua etiologia permanece desconhecida, apesar de se considerar que resulte de uma interação/combinação complexa entre fatores ambientais, suscetibilidade genética, disfunção do microbioma intestinal e uma resposta imunitária inapropriada.
Atualmente, afeta milhares de pessoas em todo o mundo, e a prevalência e incidência tem vindo a aumentar nos países desenvolvidos, bem como nos países em desenvolvimento, sendo considerado neste momento um problema de saúde pública.
A terapêutica convencional tem como objetivos a indução e a manutenção da remissão, a minimização das complicações e manifestações da doença e a otimização da qualidade de vida dos doentes. A abordagem farmacológica da DII consiste na terapêutica não biológica (aminossalicilatos, corticosteróides, antibióticos e imunomodeladores) e na terapêutica biológica. No entanto, o uso prolongado destas terapêuticas tem efeitos adversos graves e custos muito dispendiosos. Consequentemente, levou a um aumento do interesse dos doentes por terapêuticas alternativas, concretamente a fitoterapia. As plantas apresentam propriedades únicas que auxiliam na prevenção e tratamento de doenças, pelo que é importante aumentar a evidência científica deste tipo de medicina tradicional para que possa ser usada com eficácia e segurança.
Esta monografia tem como objetivo, uma revisão da literatura para obter informação sobre a doença inflamatória intestinal e sobre estudos clínicos que comprovem a aplicabilidade das plantas na DII, a nível da prevenção e ação terapêutica. As plantas abordadas são Andrographis paniculata, Artemisia absinthium, Boswellia serrata, Curcuma longa, Aloe vera e Cannabis sativa, destacando as suas propriedades fitoquímicas e as suas aplicações farmacológicas.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IDI) is a chronic inflammatory pathology that essentially includes Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Its etiology remains unknown, although it is considered to result from a complex interaction/combination between environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, intestinal microbiome dysfunction and an inappropriate immune response. It currently affects thousands of people worldwide, and the prevalence and incidence has been increasing in developed countries as well as in developing countries and is currently considered a public health problem. Conventional therapy aims to induce and maintain remission, minimize complications and manifestations of the disease and optimize the quality of life of patients. The pharmacological approach of IDI consists of non-biological therapy (aminossacysallates, corticosteroids, antibiotics and immunomodelers) and biological therapy. However, prolonged use of these therapies has serious adverse effects and very expensive costs. Consequently, it has led to an increased interest in patients for alternative therapies, namely phytotherapy. Plants have unique properties that aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases, so it is important to increase scientific evidence of this type of traditional medicine so that it can be used effectively and safely. This monograph aims at a literature review to obtain information on inflammatory bowel disease and on clinical studies that prove the applicability of plants in IDI, in terms of prevention and therapeutic action. The plants addressed are Andrographis paniculata, Artemisia absinthium, Boswellia serrata, Curcuma longa, Aloe vera and Cannabis sativa, highlighting its phytochemical properties and pharmacological applications.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IDI) is a chronic inflammatory pathology that essentially includes Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Its etiology remains unknown, although it is considered to result from a complex interaction/combination between environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, intestinal microbiome dysfunction and an inappropriate immune response. It currently affects thousands of people worldwide, and the prevalence and incidence has been increasing in developed countries as well as in developing countries and is currently considered a public health problem. Conventional therapy aims to induce and maintain remission, minimize complications and manifestations of the disease and optimize the quality of life of patients. The pharmacological approach of IDI consists of non-biological therapy (aminossacysallates, corticosteroids, antibiotics and immunomodelers) and biological therapy. However, prolonged use of these therapies has serious adverse effects and very expensive costs. Consequently, it has led to an increased interest in patients for alternative therapies, namely phytotherapy. Plants have unique properties that aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases, so it is important to increase scientific evidence of this type of traditional medicine so that it can be used effectively and safely. This monograph aims at a literature review to obtain information on inflammatory bowel disease and on clinical studies that prove the applicability of plants in IDI, in terms of prevention and therapeutic action. The plants addressed are Andrographis paniculata, Artemisia absinthium, Boswellia serrata, Curcuma longa, Aloe vera and Cannabis sativa, highlighting its phytochemical properties and pharmacological applications.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2020, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Doença inflamatória intestinal Doença de Crohn Colite ulcerosa Fitoterapia Fitoquímicos Mestrado integrado - 2020