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AVC no jovem e etiologia multifatorial : revisão da literatura
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O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) no adulto jovem, que acomete indivíduos com idade entre os 18 e os 50 anos, representa cerca de 10% a 15% dos casos de AVC. A prevalência de fatores de risco tradicionais nos adultos jovens vítimas de AVC é inferior à verificada em idades mais avançadas, mas, ainda assim, significativa. A variedade etiológica é particularmente ampla, entre doenças infecciosas sistémicas e do SNC, trombofilias hereditárias e adquiridas, entre outros, sendo o diagnóstico etiológico particularmente desafiante. Além dos eventos de etiologia indeterminada, reconhecem-se cada vez mais quadros de etiologia multifatorial que dificultam as decisões terapêuticas e as estratégias de prevenção secundária. A diversidade de etiologias reconhecidas para os eventos vasculares cerebrais em jovens impõe uma investigação exaustiva e um follow-up cuidadoso, permitindo reduzir a incidência de recorrência, as taxas de mortalidade e morbilidade associadas e o consequente impacto socioeconómico desta patologia.
Stroke in young adults, which affects individuals aged between 18 and 50 years, represents about 10% to 15% of stroke cases. The prevalence of traditional risk factors in young adults victims of stroke is lower than seen in older ages, but still significant. The etiological variety is particularly wide, including systemic and central nervous systems infectious diseases, hereditary and acquired thrombophilias, among others, with the etiological diagnosis being particularly challenging. In addition to events of undetermined etiology, there is an increasing recognition of multifactorial etiology that hinders therapeutic decisions and secondary prevention strategies. The diversity of recognized etiologies for cerebrovascular events in young people requires an exhaustive investigation and careful follow-up, aiming to reduce the incidence of recurrence, the associated mortality and morbidity rates and the consequent socioeconomic impact of this pathology.
Stroke in young adults, which affects individuals aged between 18 and 50 years, represents about 10% to 15% of stroke cases. The prevalence of traditional risk factors in young adults victims of stroke is lower than seen in older ages, but still significant. The etiological variety is particularly wide, including systemic and central nervous systems infectious diseases, hereditary and acquired thrombophilias, among others, with the etiological diagnosis being particularly challenging. In addition to events of undetermined etiology, there is an increasing recognition of multifactorial etiology that hinders therapeutic decisions and secondary prevention strategies. The diversity of recognized etiologies for cerebrovascular events in young people requires an exhaustive investigation and careful follow-up, aiming to reduce the incidence of recurrence, the associated mortality and morbidity rates and the consequent socioeconomic impact of this pathology.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021
Palavras-chave
Acidente vascular cerebral Acidente vascular cerebral isquémico Jovens adultos Factores de risco Etiologia multifatorial