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Ética e desenvolvimento comunitário : um estudo de caso
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Resumo(s)
Num mundo marcado pela aceleração dos processos, pelo relativismo dos valores e ainda
pelo individualismo social, pensar a ética e o desenvolvimento de comunidades emerge
como proposta regeneradora. Partimos do encontro entre algumas teorias éticas como a
ética das virtudes de MacIntyre, a ética da responsabilidade de Hans Jonas, a ética do
cuidado de Carol Gilligan e ainda a ética da compreensão de Edgar Morin. Com o objetivo
de conhecer as dimensões e transformações com caráter ético a nível pessoal, comunitário
e global, encontrámos no projeto Aterra: Políticas Globais e Estratégias Locais para o
Desenvolvimento Sustentável, um contexto propício à reflexão pretendida. Este projeto,
promovido pela Associação Casa Velha, que foi cenário desta investigação, levou-nos a
introduzir o conceito de Ecologia Integral, que se revelou basilar no diálogo entre ética e
comunidade.
Com a intenção de compreender como são problematizadas as dimensões éticas e os
processos de transformação identificados pelos participantes do Aterra, desenvolvemos
um estudo de caso a partir da análise de conteúdo de entrevistas, documentos, registos
autobiográficos e notas de campo. Complementarmente, analisamos o processo de
reflexão, construído em conjunto com um grupo de seis participantes, ao longo de quatro
sessões dialógicas de reflexão ética através de práticas artísticas. Enquadradas no âmbito
da educação e formação, estas sessões têm o seu fundamento na proposta de Paulo Freire
para os círculos de cultura, permitindo-nos considerar o papel transformador que a
reflexão ética confere a projetos de intervenção comunitária a nível pessoal, comunitário
e global. A tomada de consciência das dimensões éticas permite identificar aspetos
inerentes aos projetos de intervenção comunitária, frequentemente alheios aos relatórios
de avaliação.
As práticas artísticas permitem uma abordagem integrada de diferentes componentes de
um projeto, por facilitarem uma linguagem simbólica. Quando desenvolvidas
coletivamente promovem a reflexão ética sobre o desenvolvimento comunitário e o
consequente aprofundamento deste.
In a world pronounced by the acceleration of processes, by the relativism of values and also by social individualism, thinking about ethics and the development of communities emerges as a regenerative proposal. We lead off from the encounter between some ethical theories such as MacIntyre's about virtues, Hans Jonas's focused on responsibility, the ethics of care by Carol Gilligan and the ethics of understanding by Edgar Morin. With the aim of knowing the dimensions and transformations with an ethical character at a personal, community and global level, we found in the Aterra Project: Global Policies and Local Strategies for Sustainable Development, a context conducive to the intended reflection. This project, promoted by Casa Velha Association, the background of this investigation, led us to introduce the concept of Integral Ecology, which proved to be fundamental in the dialogue between ethics and community. With the intention of understanding how the ethical dimensions and the transformation processes identified by Aterra participants are problematized, we developed a case study based on the analysis of the content of interviews, documents, autobiographical records and field notes. In addition, we analyzed the reflection process, built together with a group of six participants, over four dialogical sessions of ethical reflection through artistic practices. Framed within the scope of education and formation, these sessions are based on Paulo Freire's proposal for cultural circles, allowing us to consider the transforming role that ethical reflection gives to community intervention projects at a personal, community and global level. The awareness of ethical dimensions allows us to identify aspects inherent to community intervention projects, often unrelated to evaluation reports. Artistic practices also allow an integrated approach to different components of a project, as they facilitate a symbolic language. When developed collectively, they promote ethical reflection on community development and its consequent deepening.
In a world pronounced by the acceleration of processes, by the relativism of values and also by social individualism, thinking about ethics and the development of communities emerges as a regenerative proposal. We lead off from the encounter between some ethical theories such as MacIntyre's about virtues, Hans Jonas's focused on responsibility, the ethics of care by Carol Gilligan and the ethics of understanding by Edgar Morin. With the aim of knowing the dimensions and transformations with an ethical character at a personal, community and global level, we found in the Aterra Project: Global Policies and Local Strategies for Sustainable Development, a context conducive to the intended reflection. This project, promoted by Casa Velha Association, the background of this investigation, led us to introduce the concept of Integral Ecology, which proved to be fundamental in the dialogue between ethics and community. With the intention of understanding how the ethical dimensions and the transformation processes identified by Aterra participants are problematized, we developed a case study based on the analysis of the content of interviews, documents, autobiographical records and field notes. In addition, we analyzed the reflection process, built together with a group of six participants, over four dialogical sessions of ethical reflection through artistic practices. Framed within the scope of education and formation, these sessions are based on Paulo Freire's proposal for cultural circles, allowing us to consider the transforming role that ethical reflection gives to community intervention projects at a personal, community and global level. The awareness of ethical dimensions allows us to identify aspects inherent to community intervention projects, often unrelated to evaluation reports. Artistic practices also allow an integrated approach to different components of a project, as they facilitate a symbolic language. When developed collectively, they promote ethical reflection on community development and its consequent deepening.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado, Educação e Formação (Área de Especialidade em Desenvolvimento Social e Cultural), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2020
Palavras-chave
Valores (Filosofia) Desenvolvimento comunitário Complexidade Práticas artísticas Teses de mestrado - 2020