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Qualidade de vida nos idosos : relações entre atitudes face ao envelhecimento, resiliência e variáveis sociodemográficas
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Esta investigação aborda a temática do processo de envelhecimento e procura estudar as
atitudes face ao envelhecimento, a resiliência e variáveis sociodemográficas, em dois
grupos de idosos, com diferentes perceções de qualidade de vida (QV). Assenta em três
objetivos principais, baseados na comparação entre o grupo “elevada QV” e o grupo
“baixa/moderada QV”: (1) explorar as diferenças nas atitudes face ao envelhecimento e
na resiliência; (2) explorar a relação entre atitudes face ao envelhecimento, resiliência e
variáveis sociodemográficas; (3) explorar os modelos de regressão que predizem as
atitudes face ao envelhecimento, tendo como preditores as dimensões da resiliência. A
amostra deste estudo divide-se em dois grupos, ambos com participantes com idade igual
ou superior a 65 anos de idade: (1) grupo “baixa/moderada QV”, com 136 participantes
(M= 74.61 anos de idade; DP = 6.54), sendo 60.3% do sexo feminino; (2) grupo “elevada
QV”, com 82 participantes (M = 73.57 anos de idade; DP = 6.26), sendo 50% do sexo
feminino. Foram administrados três questionários de autorrelato: Questionário de
Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida (WHOQOL-Bref); Questionário de Atitudes face ao
Envelhecimento (AAQ-24) e; Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC). O
grupo “elevada QV” demonstra atitudes mais positivas face ao envelhecimento e maior
resiliência, exceto na dimensão da espiritualidade. Os idosos do grupo “elevada QV” que
estão mais satisfeitos com a sua situação económica ou que estão atualmente doentes,
demonstram maior resiliência; e os que estão atualmente doentes ou consideram mais
satisfatória a sua qualidade das relações de amizade, têm atitudes mais positivas face ao
crescimento psicológico. Os idosos do grupo “baixa/moderada QV” que estão satisfeitos
com a sua situação económica são os que demonstram maior resiliência; e os que estão
mais satisfeitos com a qualidade das relações familiares ou que não estão atualmente
doentes, assumem atitudes mais positivas face às dimensões perdas psicossociais e
mudança física, e ao AAQ total. No grupo “elevada QV”, as atitudes face ao
envelhecimento são preditas pelas dimensões da resiliência, Competência (β = .71) e
Aceitação (β = .28), que explicam 98% da variância dos resultados, enquanto no grupo
“baixa/moderada QV” são preditas pela Competência (β = .45), Espiritualidade (β = .24)
e Confiança (β = .30), que explicam 96% da variância dos resultados. Este estudo
identifica variáveis que interferem na perceção da qualidade de vida dos idosos.
This investigation addresses the theme of the ageing process and seeks to study attitudes towards ageing, resilience and sociodemographic variables, in two groups of elderly people, with different perceptions of quality of life (QL). It is based on three main objectives, based on the comparison between the “high QL” group and the “low / moderate QL” group: (1) to explore differences in attitudes towards ageing and resilience; (2) explore the relationship between attitudes towards ageing, resilience and sociodemographic variables; (3) explore the regression models that predict attitudes towards ageing, with resilience dimensions as predictors. The sample of this study is divided into two groups, both with participants aged 65 and over: (1) “low / moderate QL” group, with 136 participants (M = 74.61 years of age; SD = 6.54 ), with 60.3% being female; (2) “high QL” group, with 82 participants (M = 73.57 years of age; SD = 6.26), 50% of whom were female. Three self-report questionnaires were administered: Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref); Attitude to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ-24); and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The “high QL” group shows more positive attitudes towards ageing and greater resilience, except in the dimension of spirituality. The elderly in the “high QL” group, who are more satisfied with their economic situation or who are currently sick, show greater resilience; and those who are currently ill or consider their quality of friendship to be more satisfactory have more positive attitudes towards psychological growth. The elderly in the “low / moderate QL” group who are satisfied with their economic situation are those who demonstrate the greatest resilience; and those who are most satisfied with the quality of family relationships or who are not currently ill, assume more positive attitudes towards the dimensions of psychosocial losses and physical change, and the total AAQ. In the “high QL” group, attitudes towards ageing are predicted by the dimensions of resilience, Competence (β = .71) and Acceptance (β = .28), which explain 98% of the variance of the results, while in the “low / moderate QL ” are predicted by Competence (β = .45), Spirituality (β = .24) and Confidence (β = .30), which explain 96% of the variance of the results. This study identifies variables that interfere with the perception of the quality of life of the elderly.
This investigation addresses the theme of the ageing process and seeks to study attitudes towards ageing, resilience and sociodemographic variables, in two groups of elderly people, with different perceptions of quality of life (QL). It is based on three main objectives, based on the comparison between the “high QL” group and the “low / moderate QL” group: (1) to explore differences in attitudes towards ageing and resilience; (2) explore the relationship between attitudes towards ageing, resilience and sociodemographic variables; (3) explore the regression models that predict attitudes towards ageing, with resilience dimensions as predictors. The sample of this study is divided into two groups, both with participants aged 65 and over: (1) “low / moderate QL” group, with 136 participants (M = 74.61 years of age; SD = 6.54 ), with 60.3% being female; (2) “high QL” group, with 82 participants (M = 73.57 years of age; SD = 6.26), 50% of whom were female. Three self-report questionnaires were administered: Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref); Attitude to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ-24); and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The “high QL” group shows more positive attitudes towards ageing and greater resilience, except in the dimension of spirituality. The elderly in the “high QL” group, who are more satisfied with their economic situation or who are currently sick, show greater resilience; and those who are currently ill or consider their quality of friendship to be more satisfactory have more positive attitudes towards psychological growth. The elderly in the “low / moderate QL” group who are satisfied with their economic situation are those who demonstrate the greatest resilience; and those who are most satisfied with the quality of family relationships or who are not currently ill, assume more positive attitudes towards the dimensions of psychosocial losses and physical change, and the total AAQ. In the “high QL” group, attitudes towards ageing are predicted by the dimensions of resilience, Competence (β = .71) and Acceptance (β = .28), which explain 98% of the variance of the results, while in the “low / moderate QL ” are predicted by Competence (β = .45), Spirituality (β = .24) and Confidence (β = .30), which explain 96% of the variance of the results. This study identifies variables that interfere with the perception of the quality of life of the elderly.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2020
Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento Qualidade de vida Atitudes Resiliência Psicologia clinica Teses de mestrado - 2020