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Abstract(s)
O cancro da laringe é um dos mais frequentes da região da cabeça e pescoço. É mais frequente no sexo masculino, apresentando uma sintomatologia inespecífica, o que faz com que o seu diagnóstico seja feito já em fase avançada da doença.
Em estádios mais avançados, o tratamento proposto nos dias de hoje centra-se nos métodos cirúrgicos, nomeadamente na laringectomia total. Este procedimento acarreta alterações profundas a vários níveis, sendo a perda total de voz a que mais transtorno causa. Os doentes sofrem grande impacto na sua qualidade de vida, ficando seriamente afetados do ponto de vista psicológico e social. Esta situação pode trazer consequências como a falência terapêutica.
Desde muito cedo que a reabilitação vocal foi alvo de preocupação pela comunidade médica, com o intuito de, não só evitar complicações que a laringectomia pode atrair, como também de devolver qualidade de vida aos doentes. Vários métodos foram estudados e desenvolvidos, no entanto, foram as próteses fonatórias que melhores resultados apresentaram e que melhor satisfação proporcionaram aos laringectomizados.
A história das próteses fonatórias é tão antiga como a história da laringectomia total em si, datando dezembro de 1873. Todavia, foi um século mais tarde que, após o estudo mais aprofundado da fisiologia da fonação e de outras técnicas de voz alaríngea, se chegou à prótese de Blom-Singer, modelo padrão das próteses utilizadas na atualidade.
Desde a sua introdução que as próteses fonatórias foram largamente adotadas e se tornaram gold standard na reabilitação vocal, estatuto que ainda hoje detêm.
O presente trabalho resulta de uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da história das próteses fonatórias, refletindo a sua evolução desde os seus primórdios até às próteses mais modernas e atuais.
Laryngeal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers of the head and neck region. It is more frequent in males, and presents a nonspecific symptomatology, which leads to its diagnosis being made at an advanced phase of the disease. In more advanced stages, the treatment proposed today focuses on the surgical methods, namely on total laryngectomy. This procedure leads to profound changes at various levels, and total loss of speech is the most disturbing issue. Patients have a major impact on their quality of life, being seriously affected from a psychological and social point of view. This may have consequences such as treatment failure. From a very early age, voice restoration has been a matter of concern in the medical community, in order to avoid complications that laryngectomy may attract, but also to restore quality of life to patients. Several methods were studied and developed, however, it was the voice prosthesis that presented the best results among the laryngectomized patients. The history of voice prosthesis is as old as the history of total laryngectomy itself, dating to December 1873. However, it was only a century later, after a more in-depth study of voice production physiology and other methods of alaringeal spech, that is described the Blom-Singer prosthesis, a standard model of the prosthesis that are currently used. Since its introduction, voice prosthesis have been widely adopted and have become gold standard in vocal rehabilitation, a status they still hold today. The present work is a result from a bibliographical review about the history of voice prosthesis, reflecting its evolution from its beginnings to the most modern and current prosthesis.
Laryngeal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers of the head and neck region. It is more frequent in males, and presents a nonspecific symptomatology, which leads to its diagnosis being made at an advanced phase of the disease. In more advanced stages, the treatment proposed today focuses on the surgical methods, namely on total laryngectomy. This procedure leads to profound changes at various levels, and total loss of speech is the most disturbing issue. Patients have a major impact on their quality of life, being seriously affected from a psychological and social point of view. This may have consequences such as treatment failure. From a very early age, voice restoration has been a matter of concern in the medical community, in order to avoid complications that laryngectomy may attract, but also to restore quality of life to patients. Several methods were studied and developed, however, it was the voice prosthesis that presented the best results among the laryngectomized patients. The history of voice prosthesis is as old as the history of total laryngectomy itself, dating to December 1873. However, it was only a century later, after a more in-depth study of voice production physiology and other methods of alaringeal spech, that is described the Blom-Singer prosthesis, a standard model of the prosthesis that are currently used. Since its introduction, voice prosthesis have been widely adopted and have become gold standard in vocal rehabilitation, a status they still hold today. The present work is a result from a bibliographical review about the history of voice prosthesis, reflecting its evolution from its beginnings to the most modern and current prosthesis.
Description
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019
Keywords
Reabilitação vocal Próteses fonatórias Voz traqueo-esofágica Laringectomia total Otorrinolaringologia