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Abstract(s)
O equilíbrio é algo que damos como garantido no dia-a-dia e é absolutamente essencial à Vida Humana na Terra como a conhecemos. Do mesmo modo que outras funções vitais são intrinsecamente controladas por Sistemas Centrais, o equilíbrio é regulado e controlado pelo Sistema Neurovestibular, com componentes do Sistema Nervoso Central e Sistema Nervoso Periférico (nervo vestibular e vestíbulo no Ouvido Interno). E tal como este pode ser melhorado através da prática de determinados exercícios (enhancement), também pode ser comprometido por várias patologias. Após uma revisão de um conjunto relevante de artigos sobre a anatomia e a patologia do Sistema Neurovestibular, tentou perceber-se de que maneira este se adapta nos astronautas em condições de microgravidade, como é o caso das estações espaciais. Quando o Sistema Neurovestibular é afectado surgem as vertigens, uma sensação desagradável e incapacitante. Estas patologias são estudadas e tratadas na área da Otorrinolaringologia. Entre causas periféricas para estes sintomas encontram-se a labirintite, a vertigem paroxística posicional benigna e o síndrome de Ménière. Como causa centrais destacamos os tumores, as doenças neurodegenerativas e as cerebrovasculares. Com o aquecimento global, o investimento nas novas tecnologias espaciais e o instinto de sobrevivência da espécie humana, a colonização de novos planetas é um assunto que está na ordem do dia. Por isso mesmo, é natural que se tente perceber cada vez melhor como se adapta o ser humano em condições extra-terrestres.
Balance is something we take for granted on a daily bases and it’s absolutely essential to Human Life on Earth as we know it. The Neurovestibular System is the main system responsible for our balance and it’s composed by parts of the Central Nervous System as well as by parts of the Peripheral Nervous System (vestibular nerve and vestibulum on the Inner Ear). Balance can be enhanced by certain exercises but it can also be damaged by several diseases. After a revision of a relevant amount of scientific articles about the anatomy and pathology of the Neurovestibular System, we tried to understand how it can adapt to microgravity environments such as space stations on astronauts. When the Neurovestibular System is affected, dizziness can occur, an unpleasant and incapacitating sensation. These diseases are studied and treated in Otorhinolaryngology. Some of the peripheral causes for this symptom are labyrinthitis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Mérière’s disease. The most common Central Nervous System causes are tumours, neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. With global warming, investment in new spacial technologies and the Human survival instinct, the colonization of new planets is an emerging topic. And for that reason, the number of studies about the adaptation of human life to extraterrestrial conditions are increasing everyday.
Balance is something we take for granted on a daily bases and it’s absolutely essential to Human Life on Earth as we know it. The Neurovestibular System is the main system responsible for our balance and it’s composed by parts of the Central Nervous System as well as by parts of the Peripheral Nervous System (vestibular nerve and vestibulum on the Inner Ear). Balance can be enhanced by certain exercises but it can also be damaged by several diseases. After a revision of a relevant amount of scientific articles about the anatomy and pathology of the Neurovestibular System, we tried to understand how it can adapt to microgravity environments such as space stations on astronauts. When the Neurovestibular System is affected, dizziness can occur, an unpleasant and incapacitating sensation. These diseases are studied and treated in Otorhinolaryngology. Some of the peripheral causes for this symptom are labyrinthitis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Mérière’s disease. The most common Central Nervous System causes are tumours, neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. With global warming, investment in new spacial technologies and the Human survival instinct, the colonization of new planets is an emerging topic. And for that reason, the number of studies about the adaptation of human life to extraterrestrial conditions are increasing everyday.
Description
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019
Keywords
Neurovestibular Microgravidade Equílibrio Vertigens Otorrinolaringologia