A carregar...
Publicação
Será a disbiose intestinal um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de esquizofrenia?
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.43 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Existe cada vez mais evidência sobre a influência da microbiota intestinal nos processos de doença dos vários órgãos e sistemas. Na área da Psiquiatria, nomeadamente na Esquizofrenia, há cada vez maior evidência de que a disbiose, ou seja, a alteração da composição e função da microbiota, possa constituir um fator de risco importante para o seu desenvolvimento. A flora intestinal comensal desempenha um importante papel no neurodesenvolvimento, concretamente na maturação de estruturas como a amígdala, o córtex pré-frontal e hipocampo, além de influenciar a maturação do sistema imunitário, incluindo a microglia. Na presença de disbiose essa maturação encontra-se perturbada, traduzindo-se na modificação das estruturas cerebrais e das respostas inflamatórias a nível intestinal, sistémico e posteriormente do SNC, podendo estar associadas ao desenvolvimento de sintomas da doença. A microbiota exerce a sua influência sobre o SNC por várias vias, sendo as hipóteses, atualmente, mais aceites as Hipóteses associadas aos Neurotransmissores, a Hipótese da Membrana e a Hipótese Inflamatória. Apesar dos estudos não serem concordantes sobre que alterações microbianas poderão constituir fator de risco para Esquizofrenia, é consensual que algumas das espécies aparecem mais frequentemente alteradas e que efetivamente existe uma desregulação na homeostasia da relação com o hospedeiro. Sendo esta uma área de interesse futuro, começam a ser dados os primeiros passos na abordagem terapêutica à microbiota, com alguma evidência positiva sobre o uso de probióticos e a possibilidade de incluir prebióticos, transplantes fecais e outras opções no tratamento destes doentes.
There is increasing evidence of the influence of the intestinal microbiota on the disease processes of various organs and systems. In the area of Psychiatry, namely in Schizophrenia, there is an increasing evidence that dysbiosis, that is, alteration of the composition and function of the microbiota, may constitute an important risk factor for its development. The commensal intestinal flora plays an important role in neurodevelopment, specifically in the maturation of structures such as the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and influence the maturation of the immune system, including microglia. In the presence of dysbiosis, this maturation is disturbed, resulting in the modification of brain structures and inflammatory responses at the intestinal, systemic and later CNS levels, and may be associated with the development of symptoms of the disease. The microbiota exerts its influence on the CNS through several pathways, and hypotheses that are now more accepted include Neurotransmitters Hypotheses, Membrane Hypothesis and Inflammatory Hypothesis. Although the studies do not agree on which microbial alterations could be a risk factor for Schizophrenia, it is agreed that some of the species appear more frequently altered and that there is a deregulation in the homeostasis of the relation with the host. As this is an area of future interest, the first steps in the therapeutic approach to the microbiota, with some positive evidence on the use of probiotics and the possibility of including prebiotics, fecal transplants and other options in the treatment of these patients are beginning to be taken.
There is increasing evidence of the influence of the intestinal microbiota on the disease processes of various organs and systems. In the area of Psychiatry, namely in Schizophrenia, there is an increasing evidence that dysbiosis, that is, alteration of the composition and function of the microbiota, may constitute an important risk factor for its development. The commensal intestinal flora plays an important role in neurodevelopment, specifically in the maturation of structures such as the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and influence the maturation of the immune system, including microglia. In the presence of dysbiosis, this maturation is disturbed, resulting in the modification of brain structures and inflammatory responses at the intestinal, systemic and later CNS levels, and may be associated with the development of symptoms of the disease. The microbiota exerts its influence on the CNS through several pathways, and hypotheses that are now more accepted include Neurotransmitters Hypotheses, Membrane Hypothesis and Inflammatory Hypothesis. Although the studies do not agree on which microbial alterations could be a risk factor for Schizophrenia, it is agreed that some of the species appear more frequently altered and that there is a deregulation in the homeostasis of the relation with the host. As this is an area of future interest, the first steps in the therapeutic approach to the microbiota, with some positive evidence on the use of probiotics and the possibility of including prebiotics, fecal transplants and other options in the treatment of these patients are beginning to be taken.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019
Palavras-chave
Microbiota Esquizofrenia Microglia Inflamação Psiquiatria