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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A exposição a ruídos de elevada intensidade pode originar uma perda auditiva neurosensorial, irreversível e de instalação progressiva, que se designa por perda auditiva induzida pelo ruído. Esta patologia é incurável e tem um impacto importante na qualidade de vida dos doentes. A audiometria tonal simples apresenta tipicamente um escotoma auditivo entre os 3 e os 6 kHz e a audiometria de altas frequências assim como as otoemissões acústicas são exames sensíveis na deteção de danos auditivos iniciais. A presença de acufenos é frequente e pode constituir um indicador precoce de dano auditivo. A utilização de dispositivos de musica portátil é uma prática generalizada entre a população jovem, que está associada a um elevado risco de exposição a volume de grande intensidade e que tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos. Apesar da maioria dos utilizadores utilizar estes dispositivos de forma segura, estima-se que 3.2% a 26% excedam o limite de volume diário recomendado. O barulho de fundo, assim como o tipo de auscultador utilizado, parecem ser fatores importantes na determinação da exposição sonora, sendo que os auscultadores canceladores de ruído são os mais seguro e os earbuds devem ser evitados. A utilização destes dispositivos está associada à presença de sintomas auditivos, principalmente acufenos e perda auditiva transitória. Quando utilizados por períodos mais longos que 1h por dia, durantes mais de 4 anos, selecionando mais de 50% do volume máximo, verifica-se um aumento do limiar auditivo e da probabilidade de desenvolver perda auditiva. Assim, estimase que 2.5 milhões de adolescentes europeus correm o risco de desenvolver perda auditiva associada a uma utilização pouco segura destes dipositivos. A prevenção é fundamental para travar este grave problema de saúde pública. Devem ser implementadas medidas eficazes que passam pela educação da população, legislação dos limites sonoros e uniformização das características dos dipositivos de musica portátil, de modo a que a sua utilização se torne mais segura.
Exposure to high intensity noise can lead to sensorineural, irreversible and progressive hearing loss, which is called noise-induced hearing loss. This pathology is incurable and has an important impact on the patients’ quality of life. Simple tonal audiometry typically presents a notch around 3-6 kHz and high frequency audiometry as well as otoacoustic emissions are sensitive exams in the detection of initial hearing damage. The presence of tinnitus is frequent and may be an early indicator of hearing damage. The use of portable music devices is a widespread practice among the young population, which is associated with a high risk of exposure to high intensity volume and that has been increasing in recent years. Although most users use these devices safely, it is estimated that 3.2% to 26% exceed the recommended daily noise. Background noise, as well as the type of headphone used, appear to be important factors in determining sound exposure, with noisecanceling headphones being the safest and earbuds being associated with greatest output levels. The use of these devices is associated with the presence of auditory symptoms, mainly tinnitus and transient hearing loss. When used for periods longer than 1 hour per day for more than 4 years, selecting more than 50% of the maximum volume, there is an increase in the auditory threshold and the probability of developing hearing loss is higher. Thus, it is estimated that 2.5 million European adolescents are at risk of developing hearing loss associated with an unsafe use of these devices. Prevention is key to curbing this serious public health problem. Effective measures must be implemented, including education of the population, legislation of sound limits and standardization of the characteristics of portable music devices, so that their use becomes safer.
Exposure to high intensity noise can lead to sensorineural, irreversible and progressive hearing loss, which is called noise-induced hearing loss. This pathology is incurable and has an important impact on the patients’ quality of life. Simple tonal audiometry typically presents a notch around 3-6 kHz and high frequency audiometry as well as otoacoustic emissions are sensitive exams in the detection of initial hearing damage. The presence of tinnitus is frequent and may be an early indicator of hearing damage. The use of portable music devices is a widespread practice among the young population, which is associated with a high risk of exposure to high intensity volume and that has been increasing in recent years. Although most users use these devices safely, it is estimated that 3.2% to 26% exceed the recommended daily noise. Background noise, as well as the type of headphone used, appear to be important factors in determining sound exposure, with noisecanceling headphones being the safest and earbuds being associated with greatest output levels. The use of these devices is associated with the presence of auditory symptoms, mainly tinnitus and transient hearing loss. When used for periods longer than 1 hour per day for more than 4 years, selecting more than 50% of the maximum volume, there is an increase in the auditory threshold and the probability of developing hearing loss is higher. Thus, it is estimated that 2.5 million European adolescents are at risk of developing hearing loss associated with an unsafe use of these devices. Prevention is key to curbing this serious public health problem. Effective measures must be implemented, including education of the population, legislation of sound limits and standardization of the characteristics of portable music devices, so that their use becomes safer.
Description
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019
Keywords
Perda auditiva Ruído Leitores de música portátil Jovens Prevenção Otorrinolaringologia