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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A meditação mindfulness é uma prática milenar que se caracteriza por um estado de atenção plena, em que o praticante tem oportunidade de se auto-observar e de compreender melhor a complexa relação mente-corpo. Entre os anos 70 e 90, surgiram dois programas que vieram lançar a meditação no mundo da medicina: O Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) e, uns anos depois, o Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Juntos constituem a família de Mindfulness-based Interventions (MBI). Nos últimos anos, os estudos relacionados com as MBI cresceram exponencialmente e com resultados promissores, trazendo a possibilidade da integração desta terapêutica no mundo da medicina convencional atual. Este trabalho, enquanto revisão da literatura, pretende expor as características da meditação mindfulness, os mecanismos biológicos subjacentes a esta prática, assim como apresentar a evidência científica mais atual da aplicabilidade das MBI na medicina, nomeadamente em variadas condições patológicas como a depressão, doença bipolar, perturbações da ansiedade, entre outros. Introdução: A meditação mindfulness é uma prática milenar que se caracteriza por um estado de atenção plena, em que o praticante tem oportunidade de se auto-observar e de compreender melhor a complexa relação mente-corpo. Entre os anos 70 e 90, surgiram dois programas que vieram lançar a meditação no mundo da medicina: O Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) e, uns anos depois, o Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Juntos constituem a família de Mindfulness-based Interventions (MBI). Nos últimos anos, os estudos relacionados com as MBI cresceram exponencialmente e com resultados promissores, trazendo a possibilidade da integração desta terapêutica no mundo da medicina convencional atual. Este trabalho, enquanto revisão da literatura, pretende expor as características da meditação mindfulness, os mecanismos biológicos subjacentes a esta prática, assim como apresentar a evidência científica mais atual da aplicabilidade das MBI na medicina, nomeadamente em variadas condições patológicas como a depressão, doença bipolar, perturbações da ansiedade, entre outros.
Introduction: Mindfulness meditation is a millennial practice characterized by a state of mindfulness, in which the practitioner has the opportunity to self-observe and to better understand the complex mind-body relationship. Between the 1970s and 1990s, two programs came to launch meditation in the medical world: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and, a few years later, Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Together they constitute the Mindfulness-based Interventions (MBI) family. In recent years, studies related to MBI have grown exponentially and with promising results, bringing the possibility of integrating this therapy into the world of current conventional medicine. This work, as a review of the literature, intends to expose the characteristics of mindfulness meditation, the biological mechanisms underlying this practice, as well as present the most current scientific evidence of the applicability of MBI in medicine, especially in varied pathological conditions such as depression, bipolar disease, anxiety disorders, among others. Methods: Literature from the year 1995 available in the databases: Pubmed, SciELO and Google Scholar that included documents on the applicability of MBI in chronic diseases. Results: All selected studies demonstrated some degree of efficacy in the use of MBI in the physical and/or psychological improvement of patients under pathological conditions. The limitations include heterogeneity in patient categories and short follow-up in several studies. Conclusions: The evidence supports that MBI are, in general, physically and psychologically beneficial to a variety of chronic pathologies. However, they need more studies to be universally implemented and recommended.
Introduction: Mindfulness meditation is a millennial practice characterized by a state of mindfulness, in which the practitioner has the opportunity to self-observe and to better understand the complex mind-body relationship. Between the 1970s and 1990s, two programs came to launch meditation in the medical world: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and, a few years later, Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Together they constitute the Mindfulness-based Interventions (MBI) family. In recent years, studies related to MBI have grown exponentially and with promising results, bringing the possibility of integrating this therapy into the world of current conventional medicine. This work, as a review of the literature, intends to expose the characteristics of mindfulness meditation, the biological mechanisms underlying this practice, as well as present the most current scientific evidence of the applicability of MBI in medicine, especially in varied pathological conditions such as depression, bipolar disease, anxiety disorders, among others. Methods: Literature from the year 1995 available in the databases: Pubmed, SciELO and Google Scholar that included documents on the applicability of MBI in chronic diseases. Results: All selected studies demonstrated some degree of efficacy in the use of MBI in the physical and/or psychological improvement of patients under pathological conditions. The limitations include heterogeneity in patient categories and short follow-up in several studies. Conclusions: The evidence supports that MBI are, in general, physically and psychologically beneficial to a variety of chronic pathologies. However, they need more studies to be universally implemented and recommended.
Description
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019
Keywords
Meditação Mindfulness mindfulness-based interventions Saúde mental Depressão Psiquiatria