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Alvejando a vitória perfeita : a influência do perfeccionismo e da orientação para os objectivos na performance de atletas de padel
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A Psicologia do Desporto tem um papel importante no estudo e na partilha de estratégias e comportamentos que podem ser aplicados a fim de promover a performance atlética. O perfeccionismo é uma disposição da personalidade que é frequentemente caracterizada como prejudicial à performance e ao bem-estar. Por outro lado, existem evidências em defesa do oposto: um estilo de perfeccionismo desejável e promotor de melhor performance. A Teoria da Orientação para os Objectivos de Realização (TOOR) é uma teoria sócio-cognitiva que aponta as abordagens que a pessoa toma no alcance aos seus fins, reflectindo o propósito para o envolvimento nas tarefas, e providenciando o quadro interpretativo, experiencial, e comportamental relativo às buscas por conquistas. O presente estudo, inserido no contexto de um desporto de competição (Padel), procurou mostrar que características destes construtos estão associadas a melhor, e a pior performance, uma vez que são multidimensionais. Assim, numa amostra de atletas do Top250 do ranking nacional da modalidade (N=22), pela aplicação dos Instrumentos F-MPS, e da TEOSQ-S, já traduzidos e validados para a população portuguesa, verificou-se a partir de análises estatísticas correlacionais e comparação de médias, que atletas melhor classificados no ranking obtiveram níveis mais elevados na dimensão ECP – perfeccionismo das preocupações avaliativas. As piores classificações associaram-se positivamente à categoria “não-perfeccionista”, e as melhores associaram-se à categoria “adaptativo”. Nenhuma outra variável se correlacionou significativamente com a performance. Ainda foi encontrada uma correlação positiva moderada e significativa entre a ECP e a OT – Orientação para a Tarefa, e entre a ECP e a OE – Orientação para o Ego. Apresentam-se possíveis explicações aos resultados obtidos enquadradas com as particularidades e limitações da amostra e metodologia. Adicionam-se comentários acerca da importância em averiguar possíveis efeitos de factores mediadores ou moderadores na performance. São também incluídas reflexões sobre os aspectos psicológicos envolvidos na performance.
Sport Psychology plays an important role in studying and in suggesting strategies and behaviors that can be applied to promote athlete performance. Perfectionism is a personality disposition that is often characterized as detrimental to performance and well-being. Still, there is evidence that support the opposite: a desirable perfectionism style that promotes better performance. The Achievement Goal Orientation Theory (AGOT) is a social-cognitive theory that points out the approach one takes in achieving his or her ends, reflecting the purpose for iv involvement in the tasks, and providing the interpretative, experiential, and behavioral framework for the pursuit of achievement. The present study, in the context of a competitive sport (Padel), sought to show which characteristics of these constructs are associated with better, and worse performance, since both are represented multidimensionally. Thus, in a sample of the Top250 athletes from the national ranking (N =22), through the application of FMPS and TEOSQ-S questionnaires, already translated and validated for the Portuguese population, it was verified through statistical correlational analysis and means comparison, that athletes ranked higher obtained higher levels in the Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism (ECP) dimension of perfectionism. The worst ratings were positively associated with the nonperfectionist category of Perfectionism. No other variables correlated significantly with performance. Yet, a moderate and significant positive correlation between ECP and Task Orientation (TO) was found, as well as between ECP and Ego Orientation (EO). Possible explanations are provided to the results obtained in frame with the particularities and limitations of the sample and methodology. Comments are added on the importance of investigating factors that may be mediating or moderating effects on performance. Reflections on the psychological aspects circumscribed in this research and involved in performance are also included.
Sport Psychology plays an important role in studying and in suggesting strategies and behaviors that can be applied to promote athlete performance. Perfectionism is a personality disposition that is often characterized as detrimental to performance and well-being. Still, there is evidence that support the opposite: a desirable perfectionism style that promotes better performance. The Achievement Goal Orientation Theory (AGOT) is a social-cognitive theory that points out the approach one takes in achieving his or her ends, reflecting the purpose for iv involvement in the tasks, and providing the interpretative, experiential, and behavioral framework for the pursuit of achievement. The present study, in the context of a competitive sport (Padel), sought to show which characteristics of these constructs are associated with better, and worse performance, since both are represented multidimensionally. Thus, in a sample of the Top250 athletes from the national ranking (N =22), through the application of FMPS and TEOSQ-S questionnaires, already translated and validated for the Portuguese population, it was verified through statistical correlational analysis and means comparison, that athletes ranked higher obtained higher levels in the Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism (ECP) dimension of perfectionism. The worst ratings were positively associated with the nonperfectionist category of Perfectionism. No other variables correlated significantly with performance. Yet, a moderate and significant positive correlation between ECP and Task Orientation (TO) was found, as well as between ECP and Ego Orientation (EO). Possible explanations are provided to the results obtained in frame with the particularities and limitations of the sample and methodology. Comments are added on the importance of investigating factors that may be mediating or moderating effects on performance. Reflections on the psychological aspects circumscribed in this research and involved in performance are also included.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicoterapia Cognitivo-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2019
Palavras-chave
Psicologia do desporto Perfecionismo Competição Teses de mestrado - 2019