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Avaliação do estado de saúde oral de deficientes profundos institucionalizados
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Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o estado de saúde oral e principais fatores associados de uma população de deficientes profundos institucionalizados. Materiais e Métodos: A população-alvo foram os utentes do Centro de Apoio a Deficientes Profundos Luís da Silva (CLS). A recolha de dados foi realizada nas instalações da instituição através de um exame intraoral e aplicação de um questionário à equipa de enfermagem ou aos cuidadores responsáveis pela higiene oral dos utentes. No exame intraoral foram avaliados o índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD), o índice gengival (IG) e o índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHOS). O questionário permitiu obter dados acerca dos comportamentos relativos à higiene oral e acesso a cuidados de saúde oral. A análise dos dados foi realizada com recurso ao Statistical Package for Social Sciences – SPSS, versão 23 (IBM Corp., 2015). Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 55 indivíduos (taxa de participação de 83%), maioritariamente do sexo masculino, com elevada dependência funcional, sendo a paralisia cerebral a patologia mais prevalente que motivou a institucionalização. Obteve-se um valor de CPOD de 11,15, prevalência de cárie de 80%, IG de 1,71 e IHOS de 1,61. A escovagem era maioritariamente realizada bidiariamente (90,0%) com auxílio de um funcionário (80,4%) e 40% dos utentes nunca realizaram consultas de saúde oral. Apesar da maioria dos indivíduos terem apresentado alimentação de textura normal, uma elevada percentagem (40%) alimentava-se com alimentos de textura pastosa. As variáveis que contribuiram significativamente para o estado de saúde oral foram o sexo (p=0,002), a faixa etária (p<0,001), o tipo de alimentação (p= 0,020 e 0,037) e a capacidade funcional para a higiene oral (p=0,049). Conclusão: As pessoas institucionalizadas com deficiência profunda apresentam um estado de saúde oral precário, com elevada prevalência de cárie, inflamação gengival moderada e nível de higiene oral razoável.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health status and its main determinants of an institutionalized profound disabled population. Materials and Methods: The population of the study were the users of Centro de Apoio a Deficientes Profundos Luís da Silva (CLS). The data collection was performed at the institution’s premises and consisted of an intraoral examination and a survey made to the nursing team or to the caregivers responsible for the oral hygiene of the users. In the intraoral examination, the index of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT), gingival index (IG) and simplified oral hygiene index (IHOS) were evaluated. The questionnaire allowed to obtain data about the behaviors related to oral hygiene and acess to oral health care. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS, version 23 (IBM Corp., 2015). Results: The sample consisted of 55 individuals (83% participation rate), mostly male, with high functional dependence and cerebral palsy as the most prevalent pathology that motivated institutionalization. A DMFT of 11.15, caries prevalence of 80%, GI of 1,71 and IHOS of 1,61 were found. Brushing was mostly performed on a daily basis (90.0%) with the help of caregivers (80.4%), and there was a lack of medical follow-up in oral health care, with 40% of users never having oral health care. Although most of the subjects’ diet had a normal texture, a high percentage (40%) of them had a pasty textured diet. The variables that contributed significantly to the oral health were gender (p=0,002), age (p<0,001), type of food (p=020 and 0,037), and the functional capacity for oral hygiene (p=0,049). Conclusion: Institutionalized people with profound disabilities have an alarmingly precarious oral health condition, with high prevalence of caries, moderate gingival inflammation and reasonable oral hygiene level.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health status and its main determinants of an institutionalized profound disabled population. Materials and Methods: The population of the study were the users of Centro de Apoio a Deficientes Profundos Luís da Silva (CLS). The data collection was performed at the institution’s premises and consisted of an intraoral examination and a survey made to the nursing team or to the caregivers responsible for the oral hygiene of the users. In the intraoral examination, the index of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT), gingival index (IG) and simplified oral hygiene index (IHOS) were evaluated. The questionnaire allowed to obtain data about the behaviors related to oral hygiene and acess to oral health care. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS, version 23 (IBM Corp., 2015). Results: The sample consisted of 55 individuals (83% participation rate), mostly male, with high functional dependence and cerebral palsy as the most prevalent pathology that motivated institutionalization. A DMFT of 11.15, caries prevalence of 80%, GI of 1,71 and IHOS of 1,61 were found. Brushing was mostly performed on a daily basis (90.0%) with the help of caregivers (80.4%), and there was a lack of medical follow-up in oral health care, with 40% of users never having oral health care. Although most of the subjects’ diet had a normal texture, a high percentage (40%) of them had a pasty textured diet. The variables that contributed significantly to the oral health were gender (p=0,002), age (p<0,001), type of food (p=020 and 0,037), and the functional capacity for oral hygiene (p=0,049). Conclusion: Institutionalized people with profound disabilities have an alarmingly precarious oral health condition, with high prevalence of caries, moderate gingival inflammation and reasonable oral hygiene level.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2017
Palavras-chave
Saúde oral Deficientes Teses de mestrado - 2017