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Abstract(s)
Esta tese sugere uma interpretação histórica das Meras no quadro da religião grega, a
partir dos cultos a elas dedicados. Esta opção contrasta com um debate dominado por estudos em
torno de moira e concepções de fatalidade na cultura grega, fundamentalmente abordados a partir
dos Poemas Homéricos. Ao longo desta tese, defendemos que a caracterização tradicional das
Meras como «divindades do Destino» é insuficiente e pode indicar um problema conceptual
relevante para a historiografia. Em nossa opinião, os cultos permitem-nos reapreciar as narrativas
mitológicas que envolviam a tríade e propor uma síntese alternativa que reavalia o lugar destas
divindades menores na História da religião grega. Para colmatar a relativa rarefacção documental
para o estudo das Meras, usámos variados tipos de fontes, embora limitados, no que respeita aos
cultos em análise, ao espaço da Grécia continental, insular, e da costa ocidental da Ásia Menor.
Foram privilegiados os documentos mais prolíferos na referenciação dos fenómenos de culto,
práticas rituais, narrativas mitológicas e crenças sobre as divindades. Percebe-se, todavia, uma
inevitável sobre-representatividade de Pausânias como testemunho nestas matérias, um autor que
julgamos ter deixado uma recolha algo mediada pelas suas convicções, preferências e cepticismo no
que respeitava ao poder das Meras.
This thesis aims to present a historical interpretation of the Moirai in Ancient Greek Religion starting from what we know of their cult. This choice differs strongly from the majority of works on the subject, that have been focused on moira and fate in Greek culture, particularly in Homer. Throughout this thesis we propose that the traditional definition of the Moirai as «goddesses of Fate» is an insufficient characterization and might signalize a more concerning conceptual problem in historiography. We have found that the cults allow us to rethink the various mythological narratives related to the Moirai as well as propose an alternative reading of their place as minor divinities in the history of Greek Religion. In order to overcome the relative lack of documentation for the study of these goddesses, we made use of a variety of different sources, albeit limited, when related to cult, to the areas of continental and insular Greece, and the western coast of Asia Minor. Source material related to myth, ritual, ancient beliefs and the cults themselves was privileged for our analysis but, however, there is an inevitable overrepresentation of Pausanias' testimony which, in our opinion, might be somewhat mediated by his own belief, preferences and bias against the goddesses when concerning himself with matters related to the Moirai in his travels.
This thesis aims to present a historical interpretation of the Moirai in Ancient Greek Religion starting from what we know of their cult. This choice differs strongly from the majority of works on the subject, that have been focused on moira and fate in Greek culture, particularly in Homer. Throughout this thesis we propose that the traditional definition of the Moirai as «goddesses of Fate» is an insufficient characterization and might signalize a more concerning conceptual problem in historiography. We have found that the cults allow us to rethink the various mythological narratives related to the Moirai as well as propose an alternative reading of their place as minor divinities in the history of Greek Religion. In order to overcome the relative lack of documentation for the study of these goddesses, we made use of a variety of different sources, albeit limited, when related to cult, to the areas of continental and insular Greece, and the western coast of Asia Minor. Source material related to myth, ritual, ancient beliefs and the cults themselves was privileged for our analysis but, however, there is an inevitable overrepresentation of Pausanias' testimony which, in our opinion, might be somewhat mediated by his own belief, preferences and bias against the goddesses when concerning himself with matters related to the Moirai in his travels.
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Keywords
Pausânias Deusas gregas Religião grega Mitologia grega Destino e fatalismo Teses de mestrado - 2016