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Construindo um Santander participado: o Orçamento Participativo como proposta democratizadora e de inovação socioterritorial
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A universalização dos princípios da democracia contrasta hoje, nas sociedades
europeias, com uma crise de representatividade, confiança e legitimidade das instituições e
classe política. As elevadas taxas de abstenção verificadas em atos eleitorais, exacerbadas
pela progressiva eliminação de direitos adquiridos, a deterioração das finanças públicas e o
agravar do desemprego e da precariedade, permitem perceber que a democracia
representativa deixou de ser mobilizadora para muitas pessoas. Perante este cenário,
muitos governos locais têm vindo a dar pequenos passos no sentido de construir formas
mais democráticas, responsáveis e próximas de gerir os recursos públicos, constituindo o
Orçamento Participativo um dos melhores exemplos.
Nascido com a experiência brasileira de Porto Alegre em 1989, rapidamente se
disseminou pelo mundo, com especial destaque para a América Latina e, na última década,
para a Europa, dando-se tanto em municípios pequenos e médios, como em grandes
metrópoles. Ainda que possam assumir distintas formas e envergaduras, apresenta-se com
um instrumento de participação pública que, através de um processo de informação,
deliberação, decisão e controlo, permite aos cidadãos serem participantes ativos na
definição de parte dos investimentos municipais. Mas para que uma determinada autarquia
local possa apropriar-se de um mecanismo desta natureza e transformá-lo numa prática
efetivamente frutuosa, torna-se previamente necessário consolidar conhecimentos teóricos e
técnicos.
A presente dissertação começa assim com uma reflexão geral sobre a crise das
democracias europeias e consequente necessidade de aprofundar a democracia
participativa, como é reconhecido por vários autores, reunindo depois alguns elementos
sobre a história dos Orçamentos Participativos, metodologia básica de funcionamento e uma
abordagem transversal às várias dimensões em jogo nas experiências espanholas e doutros
países de referência. Do ponto de vista empírico, pretende-se avaliar se estão reunidas as
condições sociais, técnicas e políticas mínimas indispensáveis para a criação e
consolidação de um Orçamento Participativo no município espanhol de Santander,
procurando-se depois contribuir para estimular esse processo, com orientações e propostas
concretas, apoiadas no estudo efetuado.
The principles of democracy universalization contrasts today in European societies, with a crisis of representation, trust and institutions and politicians legitimacy. The high abstention rates recorded in electoral acts, exacerbated by the progressive elimination of acquired rights, the public finances deterioration and the worsening of unemployment and precariousness, show that representative democracy is no longer mobilizing for many people. Given this scenario, many local governments have been taking small steps towards building more democratic, accountable and close to manage public resources ways, being the Participatory Budgeting one of the best examples. Born with the Brazilian experience of Porto Alegre in 1989, rapidly spread around the world, with special emphasis on Latin America and, in the last decade, to Europe, giving both small and medium-sized municipalities, as in large metropolises. Although they may take different forms and dimensions, it is presented with a public participation tool that, through a process of information, deliberation, decision and control, allows citizens to be active participants in the definition of the municipal investments. But for a certain local autarchy to take advantage of such a mechanism and turn it into practice effectively profitable, previously it is necessary to consolidate theoretical and technical knowledge. This thesis begins with a general reflection on the European democracies crisis and the consequent need to deepen participatory democracy, as recognized by various authors, after gathering some elements of the Participatory Budgeting history, basic operation methodology and transversal approach to the various dimensions at stake in the Spanish experiments and of other reference countries. From an empirical point of view, it is intended to evaluate whether social conditions, techniques and minimal policies are met, indispensable for the creation and consolidation of a Participatory Budgeting in the Spanish city of Santander, later seeking to help to stimulate this process, encouraging them with guidelines and concrete suggestions, supported by the study.
The principles of democracy universalization contrasts today in European societies, with a crisis of representation, trust and institutions and politicians legitimacy. The high abstention rates recorded in electoral acts, exacerbated by the progressive elimination of acquired rights, the public finances deterioration and the worsening of unemployment and precariousness, show that representative democracy is no longer mobilizing for many people. Given this scenario, many local governments have been taking small steps towards building more democratic, accountable and close to manage public resources ways, being the Participatory Budgeting one of the best examples. Born with the Brazilian experience of Porto Alegre in 1989, rapidly spread around the world, with special emphasis on Latin America and, in the last decade, to Europe, giving both small and medium-sized municipalities, as in large metropolises. Although they may take different forms and dimensions, it is presented with a public participation tool that, through a process of information, deliberation, decision and control, allows citizens to be active participants in the definition of the municipal investments. But for a certain local autarchy to take advantage of such a mechanism and turn it into practice effectively profitable, previously it is necessary to consolidate theoretical and technical knowledge. This thesis begins with a general reflection on the European democracies crisis and the consequent need to deepen participatory democracy, as recognized by various authors, after gathering some elements of the Participatory Budgeting history, basic operation methodology and transversal approach to the various dimensions at stake in the Spanish experiments and of other reference countries. From an empirical point of view, it is intended to evaluate whether social conditions, techniques and minimal policies are met, indispensable for the creation and consolidation of a Participatory Budgeting in the Spanish city of Santander, later seeking to help to stimulate this process, encouraging them with guidelines and concrete suggestions, supported by the study.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Democracia participativa - Participação dos cidadãos - Orçamento Participativo - Santander (Espanha) Teses de mestrado - 2015