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A democracia nas federações do desporto em Portugal : estudo de dirigentes, atletas, árbitros e treinadores
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Esta tese teve como objetivo compreender como se desenvolve a democracia no ambiente
interno das federações de desporto por meio de um modelo conceptual mais amplo sobre o
fenómeno utilizado nas ciências políticas. O trabalho utilizou método misto, sendo em um
primeiro momento um estudo qualitativo e, no momento seguinte, um estudo quantitativo. O
primeiro estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a democracia nas federações de desporto.
Para isto, realizou-se uma análise documental iniciando por uma exploração das duas
principais leis que regulam o desporto em Portugal, nomeadamente, a Lei de Bases da
Actividade Física e do Desporto (Lei n.º 5-2007 de 16 de Janeiro) e o Regime Jurídico das
Federações Desportivas (Decreto-Lei n.º 93/2014 de 23 de junho). Depois analisou-se os
estatutos, regulamentos, editais e atas de assembleias gerais de duas federações de
desporto em Portugal. A fase qualitativa da tese encerrou-se com a realização de entrevistas
semiestruturadas em representantes das duas federações, sendo eles: o presidente da
federação, dois delegados representantes das associações regionais e dos clubes
desportivos, dois delegados representantes dos treinadores, dois delegados representantes
dos atletas e dois delegados representantes dos árbitros. Os dados da análise documental e
entrevistas foram organizados e analisados. Os resultados permitiram a realização do
segundo estudo que teve como objetivo usar o modelo conceptual proveniente da primeira
parte e testar nos diferentes agentes desportivos envolvidos nas atividades das federações
de desporto, nomeadamente, atletas, treinadores, árbitros e dirigentes. Foi elaborado um
questionário que foi disponibilizado em uma plataforma online e os resultados foram
analisados dentro de uma abordagem formativa e por meio do Partial Least Square Structural
Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Os resultados demonstraram como cada item e cada
constructo desenvolvidos com base nos resultados do primeiro estudo pesam para a
formação de cada dimensão da democracia. Por fim, é sugerido um modelo conceptual para
a democracia nas federações de desporto e a contribuição prática para gestão destas
organizações. Também são apresentadas as limitações e sugestões para futuras pesquisas
The purpose of this thesis was to explore the development of democracy within sports federations, using a broader conceptual model from political science. The research involved a mixed method approach, beginning with a qualitative study followed by a quantitative study. The first phase aimed to define democracy in sports federations, using a documentary analysis that began with an examination of the two primary laws that govern sport in Portugal – the Basic Law on Physical Activity and Sport (Law nº. 5-2007 of 16 January) and the Legal Framework for Sports Federations (Decree-Law nº. 93/2014 of 23 June). The study then analyzed the statutes, regulations, notices, and minutes from general meetings of two sports federations in Portugal. The qualitative phase concluded with semi-structured interviews with representatives of the two federations. This included the president of the federation, two delegates representing regional associations and sports clubs, two delegates representing coaches, two delegates representing athletes, and two delegates representing referees. The results of the documentary analysis and interviews were analyzed and organized. This led to the second phase of the research, which aimed to utilize the conceptual model from the first phase and test it on different sports agents involved in the activities of sports federations. These agents included athletes, coaches, referees, and managers. A questionnaire was created and made available on an online platform. The results were analyzed using a formative approach and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results showed how each item and construct developed based on the findings of the first phase. This helped to create a model for democracy in sports federations and its practical contribution to the management of these organizations. The study also presented limitations and suggestions for future research.
The purpose of this thesis was to explore the development of democracy within sports federations, using a broader conceptual model from political science. The research involved a mixed method approach, beginning with a qualitative study followed by a quantitative study. The first phase aimed to define democracy in sports federations, using a documentary analysis that began with an examination of the two primary laws that govern sport in Portugal – the Basic Law on Physical Activity and Sport (Law nº. 5-2007 of 16 January) and the Legal Framework for Sports Federations (Decree-Law nº. 93/2014 of 23 June). The study then analyzed the statutes, regulations, notices, and minutes from general meetings of two sports federations in Portugal. The qualitative phase concluded with semi-structured interviews with representatives of the two federations. This included the president of the federation, two delegates representing regional associations and sports clubs, two delegates representing coaches, two delegates representing athletes, and two delegates representing referees. The results of the documentary analysis and interviews were analyzed and organized. This led to the second phase of the research, which aimed to utilize the conceptual model from the first phase and test it on different sports agents involved in the activities of sports federations. These agents included athletes, coaches, referees, and managers. A questionnaire was created and made available on an online platform. The results were analyzed using a formative approach and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results showed how each item and construct developed based on the findings of the first phase. This helped to create a model for democracy in sports federations and its practical contribution to the management of these organizations. The study also presented limitations and suggestions for future research.
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Palavras-chave
Democracia Governança no desporto Federações do desporto Democracia eleitoral Democracia liberal Democracia participativa Democracia deliberativa Democracia igualitária Democracy Sports governance Sports federations Electoral democracy Liberal democracy Participatory democracy Deliberative democracy Egalitarian democracy