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Abstract(s)
O Direito dos transportes constitui uma ramificação do Direito Comercial alvo de inúmeros estudos, porém dada a sua amplitude temos de nos cingir ao transporte rodoviário de mercadorias. Optámos por esta modalidade por ser aquela que, sobretudo a nível internacional, apresenta atualizações menos frequentes. Efectivamente, a Convenção relativa ao Contrato de Transporte Internacional de Mercadorias por estrada (CMR) data de 1956 e apenas por duas vezes (em 1978 e 2008) teve o seu escopo revisto ou atualizado, mas nunca no âmbito da Responsabilidade Civil.
Por esse motivo, e aproveitando as oportunidades atuais do programa de intercâmbio Erasmus+, surgiu-nos o intuito de investigar as disposições da Convenção de uma perspetiva Luso-Italiana. Ademais, tal oportunidade possibilitou ainda a análise das leis nacionais sobre a matéria, providenciando-nos a possibilidade de estudar as soluções das respetivas legislações nacionais para os problemas que perduram na CMR.
É em conformidade com a organização da Convenção e seguindo o sistema de responsabilidade civil do transportador que estruturámos a presente dissertação. Assim, a Parte I incide sobre as disposições da CMR, que visa regular o contrato de transporte internacional de mercadorias e onde introduzimos os conceitos essenciais e os problemas identificados pela doutrina. Na Parte II, familiarizados com tais conceitos, avaliamos as leis substantivas nacionais aplicáveis ao contrato de transporte nacional rodoviário de mercadorias, cuja intenção do legislador foi seguir o modelo da CMR. Uma vez que estas leis, além de mais recentes, são objeto de constantes revisões e atualizações, exigem uma análise crítica dos recursos utilizados para ultrapassar os obstáculos comuns ao transporte e de outros entraves que possam ter originado dos novos textos dessas leis nacionais.
Finalmente, exposto o conhecimento destes três ordenamentos, e feito o percurso sempre acompanhados da doutrina, colocar-nos-emos numa posição competente para apreciar a tão proclamada uniformização da disciplina do contrato de transporte rodoviário de mercadorias, um dos objetivos da celebração da Convenção CMR. Por fim, esperamos também poder contribuir para o desenvolvimento desta matéria e para a consagração de um regime adequado e justo para todos os intervenientes do transporte.
Transport Law is a field of commercial law that has been subject to countless studies, but given its broad scope, we must limit ourselves to the transportation of goods by road, having chosen this sector since it is the one which, especially at international level, is less frequently updated. After all, the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) dates back to 1956 and its scope has only been reviewed or amended twice (in 1978 and 2008), but never in the context of civil liability. Therefore, and taking advantage of the current opportunities of the Erasmus+ exchange program, we sought to investigate the provisions of the Convention from a Portuguese & Italian perspective. Furthermore, this opportunity also made it possible to investigate national laws on the subject, giving us the ability to study the solutions of the respective national legislations to the problems that persist in the CMR. We have structured this thesis in line with the layout of the Convention and following the system of civil liability of the carrier. Thus, Part I focuses on the provisions of the CMR, which aims to regulate the contract concerning cross-border carriage of goods and where we first introduce the essential notions as well as the key topics and challenges identified by the legal doctrine. In Part II, acquainted with these concepts, we evaluate the national substantive laws applicable to the national road haulage contract, the intention of which was to follow the framework of the CMR Convention. Since these laws, besides being more recent, are constantly being revised and updated, they demand a critical analysis of the resources used to overcome common obstacles to the carriage and other difficulties that may arise from the new texts of these national laws. Finally, with an understanding of these three legal systems, and having made the journey accompanied by the legal doctrine, we shall stand in a qualified position to assess the highly proclaimed standardization of the discipline of the contract for the carriage of goods by road, one of the objectives behind the adoption of the CMR Convention. Lastly, we also hope to be able to contribute to the development of this field towards the setting of an adequate and fair regime for all those involved in the carriage of goods.
Transport Law is a field of commercial law that has been subject to countless studies, but given its broad scope, we must limit ourselves to the transportation of goods by road, having chosen this sector since it is the one which, especially at international level, is less frequently updated. After all, the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) dates back to 1956 and its scope has only been reviewed or amended twice (in 1978 and 2008), but never in the context of civil liability. Therefore, and taking advantage of the current opportunities of the Erasmus+ exchange program, we sought to investigate the provisions of the Convention from a Portuguese & Italian perspective. Furthermore, this opportunity also made it possible to investigate national laws on the subject, giving us the ability to study the solutions of the respective national legislations to the problems that persist in the CMR. We have structured this thesis in line with the layout of the Convention and following the system of civil liability of the carrier. Thus, Part I focuses on the provisions of the CMR, which aims to regulate the contract concerning cross-border carriage of goods and where we first introduce the essential notions as well as the key topics and challenges identified by the legal doctrine. In Part II, acquainted with these concepts, we evaluate the national substantive laws applicable to the national road haulage contract, the intention of which was to follow the framework of the CMR Convention. Since these laws, besides being more recent, are constantly being revised and updated, they demand a critical analysis of the resources used to overcome common obstacles to the carriage and other difficulties that may arise from the new texts of these national laws. Finally, with an understanding of these three legal systems, and having made the journey accompanied by the legal doctrine, we shall stand in a qualified position to assess the highly proclaimed standardization of the discipline of the contract for the carriage of goods by road, one of the objectives behind the adoption of the CMR Convention. Lastly, we also hope to be able to contribute to the development of this field towards the setting of an adequate and fair regime for all those involved in the carriage of goods.
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Keywords
Direito dos transportes Contrato de transporte rodoviário de mercadorias Responsabilidade civil Transporte de mercadorias Teses de mestrado - 2024 Transport law Contract for the carriage of goods by road Civil liability Transportation of goods by road