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Coinfeções por hemoparasitas em gatos hospitalizados na Unidade de Isolamento e Contenção Biológica do Hospital Escolar Veterinário da FMV-ULisboa
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Os hemoplasmas são bactérias do género Mycoplasma que infetam uma grande variedade de animais, incluindo os gatos. Mycoplasma haemofelis é o agente mais virulento para os gatos, causando anemia hemolítica que pode ser fatal. Em Portugal, a prevalência relatada de hemoplasmas felinos varia entre 20% e 43%. Os sinais clínicos de hemoplasmose felina são inespecíficos (letargia, inapetência, febre intermitente, palidez das membranas mucosas) e os gatos que são portadores crónicos podem ser assintomáticos. Quanto às alterações do hemograma verifica-se anemia e no leucograma as principais alterações são leucopénia e linfopénia. As vias de transmissão mais relatadas são a mordedura e vetores artrópodes. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido através de técnicas moleculares, serológicas ou citologia de esfregaço sanguíneo. O protocolo terapêutico envolve a administração de doxiciclina. Este estudo observacional retrospetivo caracterizou um grupo de gatos internados na Unidade de Isolamento e Contenção Biológica do Hospital Escolar Veterinário da FMV ULisboa, entre 2013 e 2023, com um teste de imunofluorescência indireta positivo para imunoglobulinas G e M anti-Mycoplasma spp.. Os sinais clínicos registados com maior frequência foram prostração, anorexia, temperatura retal elevada e membranas mucosas pálidas. Nas análises clínicas, verificou-se presença de anemia, trombocitopénia e linfopénia. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os gatos seropositivos ao género Mycoplasma eram machos, castrados, jovens adultos e com acesso ao exterior. As fêmeas têm 1,4 vezes maior probabilidade de serem seropositivas a apenas um hemoparasita em relação aos machos (p=0,046). Gatos internados em meses quentes têm 1,54 vezes maior probabilidade de terem IgG anti-Mycoplasma spp. em relação a gatos internados em meses frios (p=0,005). Gatos com anemia, neutropénia e trombocitopénia têm, respetivamente, 7,5 (p<0,001), 2,5 (p=0,033) e 7,1 (p=0,007) vezes maior probabilidade de morrer do que gatos sem estas alterações. Adicionalmente, os gatos que morreram apresentaram idades significativamente superiores (p=0,005) e tiveram internamentos significativamente mais curtos (p=0,023) do que os sobreviventes. É, assim, de grande importância a investigação e tratamento de outras afeções em gatos internados por suspeita ou por diagnóstico confirmado de doença infeciosa
ABSTRACT - Haemoparasite co-infections in cats hospitalized in the Biological Isolation and Containment Unit at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of FMV-ULisboa - emoplasmas are bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma that infect a wide variety of animals, including cats. Mycoplasma haemofelis is the most virulent agent for cats, causing haemolytic anaemia, which can be fatal. In Portugal, the reported prevalence of feline hemoplasmas ranges from 20% to 43%. The clinical signs are nonspecific (lethargy, loss of appetite, intermittent fever, pale mucous membranes), and chronic carrier cats may be asymptomatic. Hemogram alterations indicate anaemia, and the main changes in the leukogram are leukopenia and lymphopenia. The most reported transmission routes are bites and arthropod vectors. Definitive diagnosis is obtained through molecular or serological techniques or blood smear cytology. The therapeutic protocol involves the administration of doxycycline. This retrospective observational study characterized a group of cats admitted to the Biological Isolation and Containment Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of FMV-ULisboa, between 2013 and 2023, with a positive indirect immunofluorescence test to anti-Mycoplasma spp. G and M immunoglobulins. The most recorded clinical signs were prostration, anorexia, high rectal temperature, and pale mucous membranes. Clinical analyses revealed anaemia, thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia. The results indicated that seropositive cats for the genus Mycoplasma were predominantly male, neutered, young adults, with outdoor access. Females are 1,4 times more likely to be seropositive to a single hemoparasite compared to males (p=0,046). Cats admitted during warm months are 1,54 times more likely to have anti-Mycoplasma spp. IgG than those admitted during cold months (p=0,005). Additionally, cats with anaemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were 7,5 (p<0,001), 2,5 (p=0,033), and 7,1 (p=0,007) times more likely to die than cats without these conditions, respectively. Cats that died were significantly older (p=0,005) and had a significantly shorter hospitalization (p=0,023) compared to survivors. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate and treat other conditions in cats admitted on suspicion or confirmed diagnosis of infectious disease
ABSTRACT - Haemoparasite co-infections in cats hospitalized in the Biological Isolation and Containment Unit at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of FMV-ULisboa - emoplasmas are bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma that infect a wide variety of animals, including cats. Mycoplasma haemofelis is the most virulent agent for cats, causing haemolytic anaemia, which can be fatal. In Portugal, the reported prevalence of feline hemoplasmas ranges from 20% to 43%. The clinical signs are nonspecific (lethargy, loss of appetite, intermittent fever, pale mucous membranes), and chronic carrier cats may be asymptomatic. Hemogram alterations indicate anaemia, and the main changes in the leukogram are leukopenia and lymphopenia. The most reported transmission routes are bites and arthropod vectors. Definitive diagnosis is obtained through molecular or serological techniques or blood smear cytology. The therapeutic protocol involves the administration of doxycycline. This retrospective observational study characterized a group of cats admitted to the Biological Isolation and Containment Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of FMV-ULisboa, between 2013 and 2023, with a positive indirect immunofluorescence test to anti-Mycoplasma spp. G and M immunoglobulins. The most recorded clinical signs were prostration, anorexia, high rectal temperature, and pale mucous membranes. Clinical analyses revealed anaemia, thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia. The results indicated that seropositive cats for the genus Mycoplasma were predominantly male, neutered, young adults, with outdoor access. Females are 1,4 times more likely to be seropositive to a single hemoparasite compared to males (p=0,046). Cats admitted during warm months are 1,54 times more likely to have anti-Mycoplasma spp. IgG than those admitted during cold months (p=0,005). Additionally, cats with anaemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were 7,5 (p<0,001), 2,5 (p=0,033), and 7,1 (p=0,007) times more likely to die than cats without these conditions, respectively. Cats that died were significantly older (p=0,005) and had a significantly shorter hospitalization (p=0,023) compared to survivors. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate and treat other conditions in cats admitted on suspicion or confirmed diagnosis of infectious disease
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Palavras-chave
Anemia hemolítica Gatos Hemoplasmose Fatores de risco Mycoplasma spp. Haemolytic anaemia Cats Haemoplasmosis Risk factors Mycoplasma spp.
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Paulo DV. 2024. Coinfeções por hemoparasitas em gatos hospitalizados na Unidade de Isolamento e Contenção Biológica do Hospital Escolar Veterinário da FMV-ULisboa [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária