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Biocultural study of ante mortem fractures in the Lisbon Collection of Identified Skeletons
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O presente trabalho foi orientado numa análise biocultural de uma amostra de 410 indivíduos da Coleção de Esqueletos Identificados de Lisboa do Museu Nacional de História Natural e Ciência da Universidade de Lisboa (MUHNAC) datada entre o século XIX e meados do século XX, para compreender a população portuguesa antiga, correlacionando os restos osteológicos com dados históricos e bibliográficos.
A análise abrangeu todo o esqueleto com o objetivo de se identificarem e descreverem as fraturas ante mortem (93/22.5%) e os nódulos de Schmorl (64/15.6%), e relacioná-las com variáveis sociodemográficas como sexo, idade, ocupação e tratamentos médicos, para fornecer novas informações sobre as condições de vida em Lisboa neste período.
As fraturas em jovens do sexo masculino sugerem o emprego precoce em situações de alto risco de lesões (20/20,2%). Os jovens (25/25,3%) também foram mais propensos a ter degeneração discal do que os idosos (17/13,7%). Assim, os homens empregados nas ocupações comerciais não manuais e de baixo risco, apresentaram em vez maior frequencia de fraturas (30/32.3%) e nódulos de Schmorl (26/40.6%). Cento e setenta e três (94.5%) das mulheres tinham a ocupação de doméstica e destas, 39 (20.9%) tinham pelo menos uma fratura. Estes resultados podem refletir riscos ocupacionais e de vida, embora a interpretação tenha sempre que ser feita com o devido cuidado, porque as circunstâncias precisas não são conhecidas. Numa percentagem relativamente pequena de fraturas (16/17,2%) observaram-se complicações graves, sugerindo que cuidados médicos básicos e suporte social estavam disponíveis para a população. abordagem biocultural demonstrou ser útil para a compreensão do peso das fraturas num contexto populacional, enriquecendo assim os dados históricos existentes.
A relação entre a presença de nódulos de Schmorl e o sexo e a idade, sugere-se que estudos futuros investiguem com maior detalhe a utilidade desta lesão como indicador de stresse ocupacional ou comportamental.
The current research focused on a biocultural analysis on a sample of 410 individuals from the Lisbon Collection of Identified Skeletons of the National Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Lisbon (MUHNAC) dated between the 19th and mid-20th century, to understand the cultural environment in which the Portuguese population lived, interpretating the physical remains inside their historical context. The analysis was carried out considering the skeleton in almost its entirety, to identifyand describe ante mortem fractures (93/22.7%) and Schmorl’s nodes (64/15.6%), according to sociodemographic variables like sex, age or occupation and medical treatments, to provide new information about life conditions during this period. Fractures in young males (20/20.2%) suggested early employment in situations of high risk of injury. Young individuals (25/25.3%) were also more likely to have disc degeneration than the older ones (17/13.7%). Men with non-manual commercial occupations despite being considered at low risk, had instead a high frequency of fractures (30/32.3%) and Schmorl’s nodes (26/40.6%). One hundred and seventy-three (94.5%) of the women were housewives and among these, 39 (20.9%) had at least one fracture. These results may reflect occupational and life hazards, although the interpretation must always be made with due care, as the precise circumstances that resulted in a fracture are not known. In a relatively small percentage of fractures (16/17.2%) serious complications were observed,suggesting that basic medical care and social support were available for the population. The biocultural approach proved to be useful for understanding the significance of fractures in a population context, thus enriching the existing historical data. The relationship between the presence of Schmorl’s nodes and sex and age points to the need for future studies to investigate in greater detail the usefulness of this lesion as an indicator of occupational or behavioral stress.
The current research focused on a biocultural analysis on a sample of 410 individuals from the Lisbon Collection of Identified Skeletons of the National Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Lisbon (MUHNAC) dated between the 19th and mid-20th century, to understand the cultural environment in which the Portuguese population lived, interpretating the physical remains inside their historical context. The analysis was carried out considering the skeleton in almost its entirety, to identifyand describe ante mortem fractures (93/22.7%) and Schmorl’s nodes (64/15.6%), according to sociodemographic variables like sex, age or occupation and medical treatments, to provide new information about life conditions during this period. Fractures in young males (20/20.2%) suggested early employment in situations of high risk of injury. Young individuals (25/25.3%) were also more likely to have disc degeneration than the older ones (17/13.7%). Men with non-manual commercial occupations despite being considered at low risk, had instead a high frequency of fractures (30/32.3%) and Schmorl’s nodes (26/40.6%). One hundred and seventy-three (94.5%) of the women were housewives and among these, 39 (20.9%) had at least one fracture. These results may reflect occupational and life hazards, although the interpretation must always be made with due care, as the precise circumstances that resulted in a fracture are not known. In a relatively small percentage of fractures (16/17.2%) serious complications were observed,suggesting that basic medical care and social support were available for the population. The biocultural approach proved to be useful for understanding the significance of fractures in a population context, thus enriching the existing historical data. The relationship between the presence of Schmorl’s nodes and sex and age points to the need for future studies to investigate in greater detail the usefulness of this lesion as an indicator of occupational or behavioral stress.
Descrição
Tese especialmente elaborada para obtenção do grau de Doutor no ramo de Antropologia, especialidade em Antropologia da Saúde
Palavras-chave
Fraturas ante mortem Nódulos de Schmorl Análise biocultural Paleopatologia Coleção de Esqueletos Identificados de Lisboa Ante mortem fractures Biocultural analysis Schmorl’s nodes Paleopathology Lisbon Identified collection
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas