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Authors
Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho focaliza-se nos pátios operários do Montijo, um tema marcante para a cidade, embora pouco explorado. Propõe-se a reabilitação de um pátio operário com o objetivo de melhorar as condições habitacionais, manter o grupo social e a ambiência original destes lugares singulares.
Neste trabalho são abordadas algumas das soluções habitacionais destinadas às classes trabalhadoras (pátios, vilas e ilhas) com maior enfoque nos pátios operários do Montijo. Portanto, são apresentados casos de estudo na cidade, juntamente com entrevistas a moradores. Estes modelos habitacionais surgiram após a industrialização como resposta ao êxodo rural e ao excesso de procura habitacional em algumas cidades. O Montijo, conhecido ainda hoje pelas indústrias da cortiça e das carnes, foi uma destas cidades.
Estas habitações operárias desenvolvem-se dentro dos quarteirões e viram-se para uma área central com formas e dimensões diversificadas. Na maioria dos casos, são apenas acessíveis através de pequenos becos. Intencionalmente mantidos longe das ruas principais e do olhar do público, muitos destes mantiveram-se desconhecidos dos restantes habitantes durante anos. Com dimensões exíguas e graves problemas de salubridade, as casas estendiam-se para o acesso comum exterior. Os habitantes dos pátios operários tinham assim relações sociais intensas, baseadas na interajuda entre vizinhos.
Recentemente assistimos à desertificação de algumas destas tipologias. As condições de habitabilidade que normalmente oferecem não vão ao encontro nas normas de habitação condigna que defendemos mundialmente. A falta de saneamento, água corrente e eletricidade são problemas que persistem em plenos centros urbanos, maioritariamente nestas tipologias. Por outro lado, constatamos várias iniciativas de reabilitação, no entanto, estes projetos normalmente visam outros grupos sociais mais possidentes. Ambas as situações levam à perda inevitável da memória e do modo de vida dos pátios operários. A primeira devido ao abandono; a segunda, devido ao repovoamento dos pátios por novos grupos sociais.
Atualmente a escassez da oferta de habitações economicamente acessíveis ainda é um problema sistemático. Neste contexto, este Projeto Final de Mestrado incide na reabilitação de um pátio operário, em particular do Pátio do Anatólio na cidade do Montijo, esta sim destinada aos moradores autóctones e a outros grupos sociais com escassos recursos económicos. Sendo o pátio um elemento catalisador de relações sociais, a renovação da energia destes mesmos espaços é central neste projeto. Este trabalho procura igualmente recriar e fortalecer o ambiente intimista (a assim de pertença) nestas “aldeias” ocultas em plena cidade.
Palavras-chave
ABSTRACT: The present work focuses on Montijo’s post-industrial working-class neighborhood (pátios operários in Portuguese), an important topic to the city but underexplored. It suggests a rehabilitation of a pátio operário with the aim to improve housing conditions, to maintain the social group and the original ambience of this unique places. This work mentions different housing solutions to the working class (pátios, vilas and ilhas in Portuguese) prioritizing the pátios operários of Montijo. Therefore, study cases are presented along with inhabitants’ interviews. These housing models emerged after the industrialization in response to the rural exodus and the excess of housing demand in some cities. The city of Montijo in Portugal, still known today by the cork and meat industries, was one of these cities. These working-class housing grows inside blocks and turn themselves to a central area with different forms and dimensions. In most cases, these are only accessible through small alleys. Intentionally kept out of the main streets and out of public view, many of these have remained unknown to the rest of the city population for years. With small dimensions and serious salubrity issues, the houses extended to the common exterior access. The inhabitants of pátios operários had therefore intense social relations, based on mutual help between neighbors. We have recently witnessed the desertification of some working-class neighborhoods. The habitability conditions that normally show do not meet the standards of decent housing that we defend worldwide. The lack of sanitation, running water and electricity are problems that persist in urban centers, mostly in these housing typologies. At the same time, we see several rehabilitation initiatives, however these projects are mostly aimed at other social groups more prosperous. Both situations lead to the inevitable loss of the existing memory and the way of life of the pátios operários. The first due to abandonment; the second, due to the repopulation of the pátios by new social groups. Currently, the scarcity of affordable housing is still a systematic problem. In this context, this Final Master's Project focuses on the rehabilitation of a pátio operário, in particular the “Pátio do Anatólio” in the city of Montijo, in Portugal, this one aimed at its local residents and other social groups with scarce economic resources. Because the pátio is a catalyst for social relationships, the renewal of the energy in these spaces is central to this project. This work also aims to recreate and strengthen the intimate environment (and therefore the sense of belonging) in these “villages” hidden in the heart of the city.
ABSTRACT: The present work focuses on Montijo’s post-industrial working-class neighborhood (pátios operários in Portuguese), an important topic to the city but underexplored. It suggests a rehabilitation of a pátio operário with the aim to improve housing conditions, to maintain the social group and the original ambience of this unique places. This work mentions different housing solutions to the working class (pátios, vilas and ilhas in Portuguese) prioritizing the pátios operários of Montijo. Therefore, study cases are presented along with inhabitants’ interviews. These housing models emerged after the industrialization in response to the rural exodus and the excess of housing demand in some cities. The city of Montijo in Portugal, still known today by the cork and meat industries, was one of these cities. These working-class housing grows inside blocks and turn themselves to a central area with different forms and dimensions. In most cases, these are only accessible through small alleys. Intentionally kept out of the main streets and out of public view, many of these have remained unknown to the rest of the city population for years. With small dimensions and serious salubrity issues, the houses extended to the common exterior access. The inhabitants of pátios operários had therefore intense social relations, based on mutual help between neighbors. We have recently witnessed the desertification of some working-class neighborhoods. The habitability conditions that normally show do not meet the standards of decent housing that we defend worldwide. The lack of sanitation, running water and electricity are problems that persist in urban centers, mostly in these housing typologies. At the same time, we see several rehabilitation initiatives, however these projects are mostly aimed at other social groups more prosperous. Both situations lead to the inevitable loss of the existing memory and the way of life of the pátios operários. The first due to abandonment; the second, due to the repopulation of the pátios by new social groups. Currently, the scarcity of affordable housing is still a systematic problem. In this context, this Final Master's Project focuses on the rehabilitation of a pátio operário, in particular the “Pátio do Anatólio” in the city of Montijo, in Portugal, this one aimed at its local residents and other social groups with scarce economic resources. Because the pátio is a catalyst for social relationships, the renewal of the energy in these spaces is central to this project. This work also aims to recreate and strengthen the intimate environment (and therefore the sense of belonging) in these “villages” hidden in the heart of the city.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura com a especialização em Interiores e Reabilitação do Edificado
Keywords
Reabilitação Pátios operários Coesão social Habitação condigna Pátio do Anatólio Montijo Rehabilitation Pos-industrial working-class neighbourhoods Social cohesion Decent housing
Pedagogical Context
Citation
ALVES, Tatiana Sofia Gomes - Re habitar e revitalizar o pátio : habitação condigna no pátio do Anatólio (Montijo). - Lisboa : FA, 2020. Dissertação de Mestrado.
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura