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O despertar do espaço público
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Resumo(s)
A relação do homem com a cidade transcende os aspectos considerados no planejamento urbano do século XX e apresenta características subjetivas na sua identificação com o espaço público, indispensáveis para o bem-estar social. Propõe-se uma revisão teórica acerca da origem do Urbanismo em suas diversas correntes utópicas que influenciaram o meio urbano conhecido hoje, buscando compreender formas mais humanas de se intervir na cidade. A necessidade do lugar, enquanto suporte existencial do ser, é exposta através da manifestação social, onde a rua assume caráter decisivo na escala da urbe, originando movimentos como o Placemaking. Entende-se a influência do ambiente construído no comportamento humano, e destacam-se as qualidades perceptivas do desenho urbano que, apesar de subjetivas, tem relação com atributos físicos, sendo, portanto, papel do arquiteto compreende-las e geri-las. A mobilidade urbana é um dos principais temas que relacionam o homem com o meio, sendo a integração com os modos ativos a forma mais eficaz de se alcançar comunidades sustentáveis. Assim, explora-se a Caminhabilidade enquanto ferramenta benéfica para a sociedade nos aspectos econômicos, ambientais, de saúde (física e mental) e, principalmente, sociais. A componente prática consiste em aplicar um modelo de análise qualitativa do ambiente urbano, e compará-lo com as análises quantitativas nos diferentes casos de estudo no concelho de Cascais. Com os resultados faz-se uma reflexão sobre como, a partir do impacto das qualidades perceptivas na mobilidade ativa, é possível promover ruas mais propícias às atividades não necessárias, ou seja, as atividades opcionais e sociais.
ABSTRACT: The relationship between man and the city exceeds the aspects considered in the urban planning of the twentieth century and presents subjective characteristics in its identification with the public space, essential for social well-being. This study proposes a theoretical overview of the birth of various utopian trends that influenced the urban environment known today in Urbanism, seeking to understand more human ways of intervening in the city. The place, as existential support, is exposed through social expression, where the street assumes the decisive character in the scale of the city, emerging movements like Placemaking. The document shows the influence of built environment on human behavior, focused on the perceptual qualities in urban design. Its subjectiveness is related to its physical attributes, and it is the architect responsibility to understand and manage them. Urban Mobility is one of the main topics that shows the relationship between man and the environment, making the active mode integration the most effective way to achieve sustainable communities. Therefore, it discusses the walkability as a positive tool to society’s issues such as economic, ecological, human health, and social. The validation is to apply a qualitative and quantitative analysis model to the urban environment and compare them, within the several study cases from Cascais, Portugal. As a result, it is possible to understand the impact of the perceptual qualities in active mobility, and its influence on promoting more livable streets with non-necessary activities, such as optional and social.
ABSTRACT: The relationship between man and the city exceeds the aspects considered in the urban planning of the twentieth century and presents subjective characteristics in its identification with the public space, essential for social well-being. This study proposes a theoretical overview of the birth of various utopian trends that influenced the urban environment known today in Urbanism, seeking to understand more human ways of intervening in the city. The place, as existential support, is exposed through social expression, where the street assumes the decisive character in the scale of the city, emerging movements like Placemaking. The document shows the influence of built environment on human behavior, focused on the perceptual qualities in urban design. Its subjectiveness is related to its physical attributes, and it is the architect responsibility to understand and manage them. Urban Mobility is one of the main topics that shows the relationship between man and the environment, making the active mode integration the most effective way to achieve sustainable communities. Therefore, it discusses the walkability as a positive tool to society’s issues such as economic, ecological, human health, and social. The validation is to apply a qualitative and quantitative analysis model to the urban environment and compare them, within the several study cases from Cascais, Portugal. As a result, it is possible to understand the impact of the perceptual qualities in active mobility, and its influence on promoting more livable streets with non-necessary activities, such as optional and social.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Palavras-chave
Caminhabilidade Placemaking Espaço público Mobilidade ativa Ambiente construído Walkability Placemaking Public spaces Active mobility Built environment
Contexto Educativo
Citação
LOUREIRO, Alexandre Landeiro de - O despertar do espaço público : walkability e placemaking como estratégias para transformação das ruas.- Lisboa: FA, 2018. Dissertação de Mestrado.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura