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A violência como expressão do sofrimento e da identidade na literatura brasileira contemporânea
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O presente estudo tem o intuito de buscar fundamentos para a compreensão da expressão literária brasileira contemporânea que examina a violência, através principalmente dos instrumentos metodológicos e conceituais dos Estudos Literários, com o apoio, complementar e pontual, da Filosofi a, das Ciências Sociais e da Psicanálise. Nesse sentido, foram escolhidas as seguintes obras literárias para o corpus da dissertação: Cidade de Deus (1997), que num primeiro momento explicita a escalada da violência nos espaços urbanos e retrata a favela; Eu sou favela (2012), que foca a mesma realidade, procurando “dar voz à favela”, num segundo momento em que a sociedade já tem movimentos mais organizados em relação às discriminações, e, igualmente, os textos de Nuno Ramos, Ó (2008), e de Verônica Stigger, Os anões (2010), que também trazem a expressão da violência na literatura, sob o signo do preconceito e da brutalidade, mas de outro modo. Neles, o leitor é colocado numa posição mais incômoda, pois a violência explicitada no inusitado, no absurdo ou no grotesco o leva ao estranhamento e a suspeitar da existência de uma violência oculta no mecanismo social do qual participa.
The present study aims to seek foundations for the understanding of contemporary Brazilian literary expression that examines violence, mainly through the methodological and conceptual instruments of Literary Studies, with the complementary and punctual support of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Psychoanalysis. In this sense, the following literary works were chosen for the corpus of the dissertation: City of God (1997), which at fi rst explains the escalation of violence in urban spaces and portrays the favela (slum); Eu sou favela (2012), which focuses on the same reality, seeking to "give voice to the favela", in a second moment in which society already has more organized movements in relation to discrimination, and, likewise, the texts by Nuno Ramos, Ó (2008), and Veronica Stigger, Os anões (2010), which also bring the expression of violence in literature, under the sign of prejudice and brutality, but in another way. In them, the reader is placed in a more uncomfortable position, since the violence made explicit in the unusual, the absurd or the grotesque leads him to estrangement and to suspect the existence of a hidden violence in the social mechanism in which he participates.
The present study aims to seek foundations for the understanding of contemporary Brazilian literary expression that examines violence, mainly through the methodological and conceptual instruments of Literary Studies, with the complementary and punctual support of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Psychoanalysis. In this sense, the following literary works were chosen for the corpus of the dissertation: City of God (1997), which at fi rst explains the escalation of violence in urban spaces and portrays the favela (slum); Eu sou favela (2012), which focuses on the same reality, seeking to "give voice to the favela", in a second moment in which society already has more organized movements in relation to discrimination, and, likewise, the texts by Nuno Ramos, Ó (2008), and Veronica Stigger, Os anões (2010), which also bring the expression of violence in literature, under the sign of prejudice and brutality, but in another way. In them, the reader is placed in a more uncomfortable position, since the violence made explicit in the unusual, the absurd or the grotesque leads him to estrangement and to suspect the existence of a hidden violence in the social mechanism in which he participates.