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Tempo e método na filosofia bergsoniana
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Resumo(s)
A presente dissertação tem por base o pensamento de Henri Bergson, orientadose
por uma questão central: como se constitui um pensamento que pretende dar conta
da natureza temporal e movente do real?
Através da análise detalhada das três grandes obras do autor, será nosso intuito
mostrar como é que o pensamento bergsoniano se constrói sobre a indissociabilidade
entre doutrina e método. A experiência da duração interna da consciência é, no
conjunto da obra bergsoniana, ponto de partida para a inquirição filosófica acerca da
natureza temporal de toda a realidade, mas ela é simultaneamente a experiência que
permite ao autor começar a desenhar o método que se consolidará nas obras
subsequentes.
Nos três primeiros capítulos da dissertação analisamos os principais contributos
do Ensaio sobre os dados imediatos da consciência para a constituição do
procedimento chave do método bergsoniano (diferenciação entre tendências
divergentes constitutivas da realidade concreta), destacando o alcance da obra em
termos metafísico-metodológicos. Nos capítulos quatro, seis e sete, observamos a
aplicação desse procedimento em cada uma das três grandes obras do autor – Matéria
e Memória, A Evolução Criadora, As Duas Fontes da Moral e da Religião – com o
objectivo de tornar visível um aspecto fundamental do método bergsoniano que opera
na resolução dos problemas sem que nunca seja explicitamente apresentado pelo autor
nos textos metodológicos. A nossa análise procura ainda alcançar a dimensão
metafísica de cada obra, o seu contributo para o esclarecimento da posição metafísica
de fundo da filosofia bergsoniana no que respeita à discussão entre monismo e
dualismo. O capítulo cinco constitui uma interrupção na linha argumentativa da
dissertação, procedendo a uma aproximação entre a filosofia bergsoniana e a obra
literária de Marcel Proust, Em Busca do Tempo Perdido, procurando o esclarecimento
mútuo das concepções de tempo e memória em ambos os autores.
O capítulo oito recupera a linha argumentativa da dissertação, confrontando os
resultados da nossa análise com a visão bergsoniana do seu próprio método, tendo em
conta os textos explicitamente metodológicos do autor reunidos em La Pensée et le
Mouvant.
The present dissertation is based on the thought of Henri Bergson, being oriented by a central question: how does one constitute a thought that intends to account for the temporal and moving nature of the real? Through the detailed analysis of the author's three great works, it will be our intention to show how Bergson's thought is built on the indissociability between doctrine and method. The experience of the internal duration of consciousness is, in the whole of Bergson's work, the starting point for philosophical inquiry into the temporal nature of all reality, but it is simultaneously the experience that allows the author to begin designing the method, which will be consolidated in subsequent works. In the first three chapters of the dissertation we analyze the main contributions of Time and Free Will to the constitution of the key procedure of Bergsonian method (differentiation between divergent tendencies constitutive of concrete reality), highlighting the scope of the work in metaphysical-methodological terms. In chapters four, six and seven, we observe the application of this procedure in each of the author's three major works - Matter and Memory, Creative Evolution, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion - with the aim of making visible a fundamental aspect of Bergsonian method that operates in solving problems without ever being explicitly presented by the author in methodological texts. Our analysis also seeks to reach the metaphysical dimension of each work and its contribution to the clarification of the fundamental metaphysical position of Bergsonian philosophy regarding the discussion between monism and dualism. Chapter five constitutes an interruption in the argumentative line of the dissertation, proceeding with a rapprochement between Bergsonian philosophy and Marcel Proust's literary work, In Search of Lost Time, seeking mutual enlightenment of conceptions of time and memory in both authors. Chapter eight retrieves the argumentative line of the dissertation confronting the results of our analysis with the bergsonian view of its own method, taking into account the explicitly methodological texts of the author gathered in The Creative Mind.
The present dissertation is based on the thought of Henri Bergson, being oriented by a central question: how does one constitute a thought that intends to account for the temporal and moving nature of the real? Through the detailed analysis of the author's three great works, it will be our intention to show how Bergson's thought is built on the indissociability between doctrine and method. The experience of the internal duration of consciousness is, in the whole of Bergson's work, the starting point for philosophical inquiry into the temporal nature of all reality, but it is simultaneously the experience that allows the author to begin designing the method, which will be consolidated in subsequent works. In the first three chapters of the dissertation we analyze the main contributions of Time and Free Will to the constitution of the key procedure of Bergsonian method (differentiation between divergent tendencies constitutive of concrete reality), highlighting the scope of the work in metaphysical-methodological terms. In chapters four, six and seven, we observe the application of this procedure in each of the author's three major works - Matter and Memory, Creative Evolution, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion - with the aim of making visible a fundamental aspect of Bergsonian method that operates in solving problems without ever being explicitly presented by the author in methodological texts. Our analysis also seeks to reach the metaphysical dimension of each work and its contribution to the clarification of the fundamental metaphysical position of Bergsonian philosophy regarding the discussion between monism and dualism. Chapter five constitutes an interruption in the argumentative line of the dissertation, proceeding with a rapprochement between Bergsonian philosophy and Marcel Proust's literary work, In Search of Lost Time, seeking mutual enlightenment of conceptions of time and memory in both authors. Chapter eight retrieves the argumentative line of the dissertation confronting the results of our analysis with the bergsonian view of its own method, taking into account the explicitly methodological texts of the author gathered in The Creative Mind.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bergson, Henri, 1859-1941 - Crítica e interpretação Tempo (Filosofia) Duração (Filosofia) Metafísica Teses de doutoramento - 2017