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Atletas : diferenças motivacionais para uma carreira desportiva : influência na saliência, satisfação com os papéis e percepção de controlo
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Perante a dificuldade da psicologia desportiva em responder ao porquê dos atletas persistirem (ou não) numa carreira desportiva de alta competição, pretendeu-se investigar a motivação de atletas adultos na sua prática desportiva, indagando-se o papel do estatuto do atleta e da percepção que estes têm da sua prática desportiva. A motivação dos atletas foi avaliada através da saliência e satisfação com as actividades, e da percepção de controlo especialmente em contexto de competição ou treinos. A amostra era constituída por atletas de alto rendimento/profissionais (n=35) e atletas federados (n=28), verificando-se uma associação significativa entre os atletas de alto rendimento/profissionais e a percepção da prática desportiva como uma actividade de trabalho, e os atletas federados e a percepção da prática desportiva como uma actividade de tempos livres. Apenas na amostra de atletas que percepcionam a sua prática desportiva como um trabalho, a actividade em que se sentem mais satisfeitos é a actividade em que mais participam e aderem (actividade trabalho). Tendo em conta a variável percepção da prática desportiva, existem diferenças significativas entre os atletas nas escalas de participação e adesão à actividade tempos livres, e de satisfação com a actividade trabalho. Essas diferenças encontram-se entre a amostra de atletas que percepcionam a sua actividade desportiva como trabalho e a amostra dos que a percepcionam como tempos livres, encontrando-se a média mais elevada da escala na amostra cuja percepção da prática desportiva é a mesma actividade da escala. Assim, se o atleta percepcionar a sua prática desportiva como uma actividade rentável que lhe permite implementar o seu auto-conceito, irá persistir e investir na sua prática desportiva de alta competição. Desta forma, e por exemplo, o recrutamento e selecção dos atletas deverá ter em conta as percepções e crenças que os indivíduos possuem relativamente à área do trabalho e do desporto.
In face of sports psychology difficulty in answering to why athletes persist (or not) in a high competition sport career, it was inquired the motivation of adult athletes in their sports practice, questioning the role of athlete status and their sports practice perception. The athletes motivation was evaluated through the salience and satisfaction with activities, and the perception of control specially in competition and training. The sample consisted in professionals and high productivity athletes (n=35) and federated athletes (n=28), with a significative association between the professionals/high productivity athletes and the perception of sports practice as a work activity, and the federated athletes and the perception of sports practice as a leisure activity. Only in the sample of athletes that perceived sports practice as a work activity, the activity in which they feel more satisfied is the activity in which they have higher participation and commitment (work activity). Taking into account the variable perception of sports practice, there are significative differences between the athletes in participation and commitment to the leisure activity, and in the satisfaction with work activity. The differences are found between the athletes that perceived sports practice as a work activity and the athletes that perceived sports practice as a leisure activity, and the highest medium of the scale is in the sample which the perception of sports practice is the same as the scale. So, if the athlete perceive sports practice as a profitable activity in which he can implement his self-concept, he will persist and invest in the practice of high competition sport. In this way, and for example, the recruitment and selection of athletes should have into account the perceptions and beliefs that individuals have concerning work and sports.
In face of sports psychology difficulty in answering to why athletes persist (or not) in a high competition sport career, it was inquired the motivation of adult athletes in their sports practice, questioning the role of athlete status and their sports practice perception. The athletes motivation was evaluated through the salience and satisfaction with activities, and the perception of control specially in competition and training. The sample consisted in professionals and high productivity athletes (n=35) and federated athletes (n=28), with a significative association between the professionals/high productivity athletes and the perception of sports practice as a work activity, and the federated athletes and the perception of sports practice as a leisure activity. Only in the sample of athletes that perceived sports practice as a work activity, the activity in which they feel more satisfied is the activity in which they have higher participation and commitment (work activity). Taking into account the variable perception of sports practice, there are significative differences between the athletes in participation and commitment to the leisure activity, and in the satisfaction with work activity. The differences are found between the athletes that perceived sports practice as a work activity and the athletes that perceived sports practice as a leisure activity, and the highest medium of the scale is in the sample which the perception of sports practice is the same as the scale. So, if the athlete perceive sports practice as a profitable activity in which he can implement his self-concept, he will persist and invest in the practice of high competition sport. In this way, and for example, the recruitment and selection of athletes should have into account the perceptions and beliefs that individuals have concerning work and sports.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia dos Recursos Humanos, do Trabalho e das Organizações), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2015
Palavras-chave
Atletas Saliência Percepção de controlo Actividades desportivas Teses de mestrado - 2015