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Publication
O tratamento da desinformação no Regulamento Serviços Digitais da União Europeia
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O objetivo desta investigação foi entender qual o tratamento que o novo Regulamento Serviços Digitais (RSD) conferiu à desinformação, bem como quais mecanismos poderiam ser utilizados para combatê-la. O questionamento adveio após a percepção de que os considerandos do RSD esboçavam uma clara preocupação com os efeitos da desinformação para a comunidade europeia, porém o articulado não usava expressamente o termo “desinformação” em nenhum dos seus artigos. Para responder a tal questionamento, tratou-se primeiramente do fenômeno da desinformação, percorrendo-se o contexto e as mudanças nas relações sociais trazidas com a digitalização dos meios de comunicação, apresentaram-se as características da desinformação, assim como o conteúdo da liberdade de expressão e seus limites. Em seguida, cuidou-se dos modelos de regulação, quais sejam, heterorregulação, autorregulação e corregulação, para perceber qual deles melhor se adequaria ao contexto de digitalização das relações. Concluiu-se que o RSD adotou a corregulação, mais indicado porque permite uma cooperação constante na construção e remodelação da regulação, cabendo ao Estado fixar parâmetros de interesse público que devem ser observados pelas empresas, e a estas a liberdade de estabelecer as regras de uso do seu negócio. Ressaltou-se que os mecanismos previstos no RSD deveriam ser utilizados em face da desinformação, pois, embora os considerandos não tenham efeito vinculante, seria contraditório impor objetivos a serem perseguidos, porém sem meios para atingi-los. Por fim, foram apresentadas as principais iniciativas no combate à desinformação: que as plataformas observem a CDFUE nos seus termos e condições; regras para moderação de conteúdo; aplicação do princípio da proporcionalidade; dever de transparência; devido processo para retirada de conteúdo; reforço do papel dos sinalizadores de confiança e dever de constante avaliação dos riscos sistêmicos, dentre os quais a desinformação, e as medidas de atenuação. O RSD desponta como modelo de regulação dos serviços digitais a inspirar outros ordenamentos jurídicos.
This study aims to elucidate the treatment of disinformation within the framework of the Digital Services Act (DSA) and explore the mechanisms designed for its mitigation. The inquiry stemmed from observations that while the DSA's preambles manifest a palpable concern regarding the impact of disinformation within the European community, the explicit utilization of the term "disinformation" is notably absent within its operative articles. To address this inquiry, a multifaceted analysis was undertaken, commencing with an examination of the phenomenon of disinformation, contextualizing it within the evolving landscape of digitalized media, elucidating its defining characteristics, and delving into the intricate interplay between freedom of expression and its delineated constraints. Subsequently, various regulatory paradigms, namely heteroregulation, self-regulation, and co-regulation, were scrutinized to discern the most suitable approach vis-à-vis the digitization of societal interactions. It was deduced that the DSA has espoused a co-regulatory framework, deemed more apt owing to its facilitation of ongoing collaboration in regulatory formulation and adaptation, wherein the State assumes the responsibility of establishing overarching parameters aligned with public interest, while affording companies latitude in devising internal operational guidelines. Emphasis was placed on the imperative utilization of the mechanisms delineated within the DSA for countering disinformation, notwithstanding the non-binding nature of its preambles, as it would be incongruous to prescribe objectives without commensurate means of attainment. Furthermore, key initiatives to combat disinformation were expounded, encompassing compliance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU) within platform terms and conditions, protocols for content moderation, application of the principle of proportionality, obligations of transparency, procedural fairness in content removal, fortification of trust-assessment mechanisms, and systematic risk assessment coupled with mitigation strategies. The DSA emerges as model for regulating digital services that inspires other legal systems.
This study aims to elucidate the treatment of disinformation within the framework of the Digital Services Act (DSA) and explore the mechanisms designed for its mitigation. The inquiry stemmed from observations that while the DSA's preambles manifest a palpable concern regarding the impact of disinformation within the European community, the explicit utilization of the term "disinformation" is notably absent within its operative articles. To address this inquiry, a multifaceted analysis was undertaken, commencing with an examination of the phenomenon of disinformation, contextualizing it within the evolving landscape of digitalized media, elucidating its defining characteristics, and delving into the intricate interplay between freedom of expression and its delineated constraints. Subsequently, various regulatory paradigms, namely heteroregulation, self-regulation, and co-regulation, were scrutinized to discern the most suitable approach vis-à-vis the digitization of societal interactions. It was deduced that the DSA has espoused a co-regulatory framework, deemed more apt owing to its facilitation of ongoing collaboration in regulatory formulation and adaptation, wherein the State assumes the responsibility of establishing overarching parameters aligned with public interest, while affording companies latitude in devising internal operational guidelines. Emphasis was placed on the imperative utilization of the mechanisms delineated within the DSA for countering disinformation, notwithstanding the non-binding nature of its preambles, as it would be incongruous to prescribe objectives without commensurate means of attainment. Furthermore, key initiatives to combat disinformation were expounded, encompassing compliance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU) within platform terms and conditions, protocols for content moderation, application of the principle of proportionality, obligations of transparency, procedural fairness in content removal, fortification of trust-assessment mechanisms, and systematic risk assessment coupled with mitigation strategies. The DSA emerges as model for regulating digital services that inspires other legal systems.
Description
Keywords
Serviços digitais Regulamento Modelos de regulação Desinformação Teses de mestrado - 2024 Digital services Regulation Regulatory models Disinformation