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Resumo(s)
RESUMO - Apesar dos avanços na medicina de animais de companhia através da
identificação e conhecimento de espécies parasitárias e da utilização de anti-helmínticos
adequados, não se deve desvalorizar o aumento da incidência de parasitas zoonóticos,
outrora mais frequentes, mas cujo risco para a saúde pública persiste no tempo.
Este trabalho teve como objetivos a pesquisa e estudo da prevalência de
parasitas gastrointestinais e respiratórios em cães de trabalho, de companhia e de
alojamentos sem fins lucrativos, no distrito de Portalegre, Portugal. Sendo expectável
encontrar Echinococcus granulosus e outros cestodes, Toxocara canis e Toxascaris
leonina.
Foram recolhidas noventa e três amostras fecais e vinte e nove amostras de
sangue. As primeiras foram analisadas através do método de flutuação de Willis,
método de sedimentação modificado, método de Baerman modificado e adaptado e,
quando necessário, coprocultura. Com as amostras de sangue, foi possível elaborar
esfregaços, os quais foram corados pelo método de Giemsa, para rastreio de
hemoparasitas.
A prevalência global de parasitismo gastrointestinal foi de 14,0%. Os parasitas
gastrointestinais observados nas amostras foram Uncinaria stenocephala (10,8%);
Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Cystoisospora canis, Giardia sp. e Alaria alata,
cada uma destas espécies enumeradas estava presente em 1,1% dos animais. Não se
detetou a presença de cestodes nem de parasitas cardiopulmonares, através dos
métodos coprológicos utilizados. Nenhum dos animais com infeção parasitária detetada
apresentava sinais clínicos de parasitose.
Em relação às amostras sanguíneas, não se observaram hemoparasitas. No
entanto, três animais da amostra estavam infetados com Leishmania sp.
No presente trabalho encontrou-se uma baixa percentagem de parasitismo
gastrointestinal, tanto globalmente como por grupo, inclusive nos cães de alojamentos
sem fins lucrativos. Estes resultados podem ser indicativos de uma maior sensibilização
dos detentores dos animais e funcionários, que seguem as recomendações médicoveterinárias,
através da adoção de profilaxia regular para controlo das parasitoses e da
redução de comportamentos de risco, tais como acesso a carne e vísceras cruas, para
além da remoção de fezes em espaços públicos, o que reduz a contaminação ambiental.
Destaca-se ainda o facto de se ter encontrado o parasita Alaria alata num dos
animais e o potencial zoonótico que este pode representar.
ABSTRACT - Despite the progress in Small Animal Medicine through the identification and knowledge of parasitic species and use of anthelmintics, should not devalue the increased incidence of zoonotic parasites that nowadays are less common, but still a persistent menace in Public Health. The purpose of the present study was the detection of gastrointestinal and cardiorespiratory parasites and their prevalence in working dogs, pet dogs and shelter dogs in Portalegre, Portugal. Eggs from Echinococcus granulosus and other cestodes, Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina were some of the expected parasites to be present in fecal samples. Ninety-three fecal samples and twenty-nine blood samples were collected. The first ones were analyzed by Willis flotation, modified sedimentation, modified and adapted Baermann and coproculture when it was required. Blood smears were performed from blood samples, and stained with Giemsa method for the screening of haemoparasites. The global prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 14.0% and the coprological methods showed the following species: Uncinaria stenocephala (10.8%), Toxocara canis (1.1%), Toxascaris leonina (1.1%), Cystoisospora canis (1.1%), Giardia sp. (1.1%) and Alaria alata (1.1%). There were not found cestodes species neither cardiopulmonary parasites. None of the animals with a positive sample showed clinical signs indicative of parasite infection Regarding the blood samples, haemoparasites were not detected. However, three dogs had Leishmania sp. infection. The present study shows a low prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, not only in the total sample but also in each group, including the dogs from the shelter. These results can be indicative of an increasing awareness of owners and employees, who follow veterinarian’s suggestions, through adoption of regular parasite control measures and reduction of risk behaviours, such as the access by dogs to raw meat. Beyond the removal of faeces from public places, that reduces environmental contamination. Furthermore, the Alaria alata detection should be highlighted for the zoonotic potential that the parasite may represent.
ABSTRACT - Despite the progress in Small Animal Medicine through the identification and knowledge of parasitic species and use of anthelmintics, should not devalue the increased incidence of zoonotic parasites that nowadays are less common, but still a persistent menace in Public Health. The purpose of the present study was the detection of gastrointestinal and cardiorespiratory parasites and their prevalence in working dogs, pet dogs and shelter dogs in Portalegre, Portugal. Eggs from Echinococcus granulosus and other cestodes, Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina were some of the expected parasites to be present in fecal samples. Ninety-three fecal samples and twenty-nine blood samples were collected. The first ones were analyzed by Willis flotation, modified sedimentation, modified and adapted Baermann and coproculture when it was required. Blood smears were performed from blood samples, and stained with Giemsa method for the screening of haemoparasites. The global prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 14.0% and the coprological methods showed the following species: Uncinaria stenocephala (10.8%), Toxocara canis (1.1%), Toxascaris leonina (1.1%), Cystoisospora canis (1.1%), Giardia sp. (1.1%) and Alaria alata (1.1%). There were not found cestodes species neither cardiopulmonary parasites. None of the animals with a positive sample showed clinical signs indicative of parasite infection Regarding the blood samples, haemoparasites were not detected. However, three dogs had Leishmania sp. infection. The present study shows a low prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, not only in the total sample but also in each group, including the dogs from the shelter. These results can be indicative of an increasing awareness of owners and employees, who follow veterinarian’s suggestions, through adoption of regular parasite control measures and reduction of risk behaviours, such as the access by dogs to raw meat. Beyond the removal of faeces from public places, that reduces environmental contamination. Furthermore, the Alaria alata detection should be highlighted for the zoonotic potential that the parasite may represent.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Parasitas gastrointestinais cães zoonoses Portalegre, Portugal Gastrointestinal parasites dogs zoonosis Portalegre, Portugal
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Carvalho ML 2021. Parasitismo gastrointestinal e respiratório em cães de trabalho, de companhia e de alojamentos sem fins lucrativos no distrito de Portalegre [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária
