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Europeização do sistema judicial croata desde 2013: considerações sobre a morosidade das reformas decorrentes da adesão à União Europeia
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Resumo(s)
Depois de 2000, os políticos croatas quiseram sair do isolacionismo e embarcar nos princípios da Democracia e do sistema de livre mercado. Aderir à UE foi a melhor solução encontrada, com as imposições europeias para o cumprimento dos Critérios de Copenhaga e dos valores comuns do artigo 2º, do TUE a serem suficientemente cumpridas em 2011, levando à adesão.
Ao longo da minha investigação, averiguo as razões do impacto negativo das exigências europeias no sistema judicial, tendo em conta as reformas exigidas e os resultados nefastos e desenquadrados das leis elaboradas pelos políticos para as cumprir.
Para fundamentar a razão da pobre harmonização das normas, práticas, valores croatas com os europeus, recorro ao Institucionalismo de escolha racional para depreender o quanto a resistência e os interesses dos políticos e dos juízes vindos do antigo regime da época de Franjo Tuđman e afiliados na Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica (HDZ) têm conseguido afectar a tomada de decisões, de forma a conseguir o adiamento dessas reformas.
Concluo que o país tem retrocedido nas medidas para o sistema judicial que podiam combater a falta de independência, de imparcialidade, de transparência, de uniformidade, de responsabilidade, de eficiência, de profissionalização e de racionalização do sistema e isso deve-se à falta de independência do sistema judicial e à enraizada prática informal da corrupção, juntamente com o fracasso das leis e a falta de vontade política em cumprir as exigências europeias, que leva à influência dos políticos no sistema judicial e nos juízes que estão interessados em manter o status quo.
After 2000, Croatian politicians wanted to get out of isolation and embark on the principles of democracy and the free market system. Joining the EU was the best solution found, with the European demands for compliance with the Copenhagen Criteria and the common values of Article 2 of TEU sufficiently fulfilled in 2011, leading to accession. Throughout my investigation, I look into the reasons for the negative impact of European demands on the judiciary, taking into account the required reforms, and the disastrous and inconsistent results of laws drawn up by politicians to comply with them. To support the reason for the poor harmonization of Croatian norms, practices, values with Europeans, I use the Institutionalism of rational choice to understand how much the resistance and interests of politicians and judges from the former regime of the time of Franjo Tuđman and affiliated in Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica (HDZ) has been able to affect decision-making in order to postpone these reforms. I conclude that the country has retreated from measures for the judiciary system that could fight the lack of independency, impartiality, transparency, uniformity, responsibility, efficiency, professionalization and rationalization of the system and this is due to the lack of independence of the judiciary and the rooted informal practice of corruption, along with the failure of laws and a lack of political will to comply with European demands, which leads to the influence of politicians in the judiciary and judges who are interested in maintaining the status quo.
After 2000, Croatian politicians wanted to get out of isolation and embark on the principles of democracy and the free market system. Joining the EU was the best solution found, with the European demands for compliance with the Copenhagen Criteria and the common values of Article 2 of TEU sufficiently fulfilled in 2011, leading to accession. Throughout my investigation, I look into the reasons for the negative impact of European demands on the judiciary, taking into account the required reforms, and the disastrous and inconsistent results of laws drawn up by politicians to comply with them. To support the reason for the poor harmonization of Croatian norms, practices, values with Europeans, I use the Institutionalism of rational choice to understand how much the resistance and interests of politicians and judges from the former regime of the time of Franjo Tuđman and affiliated in Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica (HDZ) has been able to affect decision-making in order to postpone these reforms. I conclude that the country has retreated from measures for the judiciary system that could fight the lack of independency, impartiality, transparency, uniformity, responsibility, efficiency, professionalization and rationalization of the system and this is due to the lack of independence of the judiciary and the rooted informal practice of corruption, along with the failure of laws and a lack of political will to comply with European demands, which leads to the influence of politicians in the judiciary and judges who are interested in maintaining the status quo.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais
Palavras-chave
Corrupção Croácia Europeização Reformas Sistema judicial Corruption Croatia Europeanization Judicial System Reforms
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas