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O controle de constitucionalidade das leis penais sob enfoque da proporcionalidade em suas vertentes da proibição de excesso e proibição de proteção deficiente
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Abstract(s)
Com a evolução da concepção de Estado Democrático e Social de Direito e o avanço do constitucionalismo, os direitos fundamentais superaram aquele velho paradigma do período iluminista em que foram idealizados apenas com a preocupação de evitar abusos do Estado. O reconhecimento da necessidade de uma atuação também positiva do poder público, adequada às exigências da sociedade moderna, no que tange à proteção dos bens é uma diretriz inarredável nesta nova sistemática. Na esfera do Direito Penal, esta evolução revela-se ainda mais sensível e relevante, dada a percepção de que ao Estado toca a missão inescusável de se valer dos meios repressivos e preventivos que se mostrem necessários à tutela dos direitos e liberdades dos
cidadãos, aí incluídos os de cunho prestacional, merecendo uma releitura a versão do garantismo negativo, de modo a permitir uma compreensão em sua plenitude como uma garantismo integral. O reconhecimento da existência dos deveres de proteção do Estado e dos mandados constitucionais de criminalização restringe o âmbito de discricionariedade do legislador, sujeitando suas ações e/ou omissões a um rígido controle jurisdicional de constitucionalidade. Portanto, ao legislador se impõe, diante de uma série de comportamentos
reprováveis, realizar uma seleção dos bens jurídicos que merecem a proteção do Direito Penal de acordo com os ditames balizadores da Constituição e o contexto fático-social, sendo destacado no presente trabalho o cenário brasileiro de insegurança pública. É neste ponto que a proporcionalidade, enquanto parâmetro norteador da atuação dos poderes constituídos, assume papel de destaque no controle de constitucionalidade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar a proporcionalidade, enquanto instrumento a ser utilizado no controle de constitucionalidade das leis penais, como um princípio que confere integridade ao ordenamento
jurídico, seu exame deve ser realizado em suas duas vertentes, de modo a atender as exigências da proibição de excesso e da proibição de proteção deficiente, não de maneira isolada, mas sim numa relação de interseção e equilíbrio.
With the evolution of the concept of Democratic and Social State of Law and the advancement of constitutionalism, fundamental rights overcame that old paradigm of the Enlightenment period in which they were idealized with the primary concern of avoiding State abuses. The acknowledgment of the need for a positive performance of public power, adequate to the demands of modern society, with regard to the protection of property is an ingrained guideline in this new system. In the area of criminal law, these developments are even more sensitive and relevant given the perception that the State has an inexcusable mission to use the repressive and preventive means that are necessary to safeguard the rights and freedoms of citizens, including those of a performance nature, the version of the negative guarantee being deserving a re reading, in order to allow an understanding in its fullness as an integral garantism. The recognition of the existence of the duties of protection of the State and constitutional mandates of criminalization restricts the scope of discretion of the legislator, subjecting their actions and/or omissions to a rigid judicial control of constitutionality. Therefore, the legislator imposes, in the face of a series of reprehensible behaviors, to make a selection of the juridical goods that deserve the protection of Criminal Law in accordance with the dictates dictating the Constitution and the phatic-social context, being highlighted in the present work the scenario of public insecurity. It is at this point that proportionality, as guiding parameter of the performance of the constituted powers, assumes a prominent role in the control of constitutionality. The present work has as general objective to analyze proportionality, as an instrument to be used in the control of the constitutionality of criminal laws, as a principle that confers integrity to the legal system, its examination must be carried out in its two strands, in order to meet the requirements of the prohibition of excess and of the prohibition of deficient protection, not in an isolated way, but in a relation of intersection and equilibrium.
With the evolution of the concept of Democratic and Social State of Law and the advancement of constitutionalism, fundamental rights overcame that old paradigm of the Enlightenment period in which they were idealized with the primary concern of avoiding State abuses. The acknowledgment of the need for a positive performance of public power, adequate to the demands of modern society, with regard to the protection of property is an ingrained guideline in this new system. In the area of criminal law, these developments are even more sensitive and relevant given the perception that the State has an inexcusable mission to use the repressive and preventive means that are necessary to safeguard the rights and freedoms of citizens, including those of a performance nature, the version of the negative guarantee being deserving a re reading, in order to allow an understanding in its fullness as an integral garantism. The recognition of the existence of the duties of protection of the State and constitutional mandates of criminalization restricts the scope of discretion of the legislator, subjecting their actions and/or omissions to a rigid judicial control of constitutionality. Therefore, the legislator imposes, in the face of a series of reprehensible behaviors, to make a selection of the juridical goods that deserve the protection of Criminal Law in accordance with the dictates dictating the Constitution and the phatic-social context, being highlighted in the present work the scenario of public insecurity. It is at this point that proportionality, as guiding parameter of the performance of the constituted powers, assumes a prominent role in the control of constitutionality. The present work has as general objective to analyze proportionality, as an instrument to be used in the control of the constitutionality of criminal laws, as a principle that confers integrity to the legal system, its examination must be carried out in its two strands, in order to meet the requirements of the prohibition of excess and of the prohibition of deficient protection, not in an isolated way, but in a relation of intersection and equilibrium.
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Keywords
Estado democrático Estado social Estado de direito Controlo de constitucionalidade Direito penal Princípio da proporcionalidade Proibição de excesso Teses de mestrado - 2021