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Native and alien grassland diversity respond differently to environmental and anthropogenic drivers across spatial scales
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Resumo(s)
Abstract
Aims: To identify environmental and anthropogenic drivers of alpha-and
beta-diversity
for native and alien plant species.
Location: Río de la Plata grasslands, South America (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay;
27.3–39.1°
S, 50.1–66.5°
W).
Methods: We assembled a data set of 597 vegetation plots distributed across the Río
de la Plata grasslands. To assess the drivers of native and alien alpha-diversity
(species
richness), we performed a generalized least-squares
regression using environmental
and anthropogenic predictors. We evaluated differences in beta-diversity
using
Simpson's pairwise dissimilarity between pairs of plots and used multiple regression
on distance matrixes to investigate environmental and anthropogenic drivers on compositional
dissimilarity for both native and alien plant species.
Results: Native species richness was higher in sites with less demanding environmental
conditions, such as lower precipitation seasonality and soils with higher cation exchange
capacity. Numbers of alien species were positively related to soil pH, cropland
density and road density and negatively to precipitation seasonality, mean temperatures
and soil cation exchange capacity. The compositional dissimilarity was similar
for native and alien species assemblages (mean ± SD: 0.64 ± 0.16 and 0.64 ± 0.35
respectively). Areas having similar climates and being geographically close shared more taxonomically similar assemblages, for both native and alien assemblages, while
soil had disparate effects. Compositional dissimilarity of alien plants decreased with
increasing road density.
Conclusions: Our results highlight a grassland ecosystem where native species richness
is still shaped only by environmental factors, but both sets of factors influence
its composition. On the other hand, alien plants carry a strong signal of both environmental
and human factors. As time progresses the number of alien species tend
to increase, eroding the patterns of native biodiversity. To avoid this, efforts should
be made to reduce road encroachment and the conversion of natural grasslands into
croplands.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biological invasions Compositional dissimilarity Land-use change Río de la Plata grasslands Species richness
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Bergamin, R.S., Ascensão, F., Capinha, C., Bastazini, V.A.G., Andrade, B.O., Boldrini, I.I., Lezama, F., Altesor, A., Perelman, S., & Overbeck, G. E. (2022). Native and alien grassland diversity respond differently to environmental and anthropogenic drivers across spatial scales. Journal of Vegetation Science, 33(3), e13133. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13133
Editora
Wiley