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As mudanças institucionais provocadas pela adoção das políticas da União Europeia pelos
Estado-membro são uma área de investigação merecedora de maior desenvolvimento, em
particular no que concerne a Administração Pública, em Portugal. Esta investigação deseja
contribuir para a explicação do padrão de variação institucional português em decorrência da
influência da União Europeia, chamando atenção para o papel das entidades da Administração
Pública na consecução das políticas públicas de inovação. Com esse fim, aprofunda o
conhecimento teórico e empírico sobre as mudanças institucionais ocorridas em Portugal, com
foco no estudo de caso da Agência Nacional de Inovação no período de 2007 a 2019. Para tanto,
foram articulados o enquadramento de políticas públicas de inovação, na sua evolução
temporal, com a abordagem do novo institucionalismo histórico. Dessa teoria guarda-chuva,
foram utilizadas a teoria do equilíbrio pontuado, com desenvolvimentos das mudanças
institucionais graduais e, de forma complementar, a teoria da europeização. O tratamento
empírico realizou-se mediante uma abordagem qualitativa, que se desdobrou em pesquisa
bibliográfica, documental, análise de conteúdo, entrevistas semiestruturadas e triangulação
final. Revelou-se que a agência ostentou um padrão de variação institucional de estabilidade
estrutural e ocorrência de mudanças institucionais graduais alinhadas às políticas comunitárias
na dimensão de funcionamento, em sua maioria, por sobreposição em camadas. Tal
alinhamento foi mais visível em relação aos instrumentos de políticas implementados do que
em relação à gestão da entidade, que se mostrou mais resistente à influência da UE. A análise
realizada revela um padrão de resistência institucional que reagiu, inclusive, a choques externos
com mudanças graduais e acomodações, evitando, assim, alterações repentinas e drásticas.
Estas conclusões poderão ser objeto de consideração quanto aos arranjos institucionais em
futuras definições e reorientações da política de inovação em Portugal e da sua organização
administrativa.
The institutional changes caused by the adoption of European Union policies by the Member State are a field of research that deserves further development, particularly with regard to Public Administration in Portugal. This thesis aims to contribute to the explanation of the Portuguese institutional variation pattern as a result of the EU influence, drawing attention to the role of Public Administration entities in the achievement of innovation policies. To this end, it deepens the theoretical and empirical knowledge about the institutional changes that took place in Portugal, focusing on the case study of the National Innovation Agency from 2007 to 2019. The framework of public innovation policies was articulated, in its evolution, with the approach of the new historical institutionalism. From this umbrella theory, the theory of punctuated equilibrium was used, with developments of gradual institutional changes and, in a complementary way, the theory of europeanization. The empirical treatment was carried out under a qualitative analysis, unfolded in bibliographic and documental research, content analysis, semi-structured interviews and final triangulation. It was revealed that the agency showed a pattern of institutional variation of structural stability and the occurrence of gradual institutional changes in line with EU policies in the functioning dimension, mostly by layering. Such alignment was more visible in relation to the policy instruments implemented than in relation to its management, which proved to be more resistant to the influence of the EU. Institutional resistance was able to accommodate even external shocks in gradual changes and accommodations, preventing them from provoking sudden and drastic changes. These conclusions support the consideration of institutional impacts in future definitions and reorientations of innovation policy in Portugal and its administrative organization.
The institutional changes caused by the adoption of European Union policies by the Member State are a field of research that deserves further development, particularly with regard to Public Administration in Portugal. This thesis aims to contribute to the explanation of the Portuguese institutional variation pattern as a result of the EU influence, drawing attention to the role of Public Administration entities in the achievement of innovation policies. To this end, it deepens the theoretical and empirical knowledge about the institutional changes that took place in Portugal, focusing on the case study of the National Innovation Agency from 2007 to 2019. The framework of public innovation policies was articulated, in its evolution, with the approach of the new historical institutionalism. From this umbrella theory, the theory of punctuated equilibrium was used, with developments of gradual institutional changes and, in a complementary way, the theory of europeanization. The empirical treatment was carried out under a qualitative analysis, unfolded in bibliographic and documental research, content analysis, semi-structured interviews and final triangulation. It was revealed that the agency showed a pattern of institutional variation of structural stability and the occurrence of gradual institutional changes in line with EU policies in the functioning dimension, mostly by layering. Such alignment was more visible in relation to the policy instruments implemented than in relation to its management, which proved to be more resistant to the influence of the EU. Institutional resistance was able to accommodate even external shocks in gradual changes and accommodations, preventing them from provoking sudden and drastic changes. These conclusions support the consideration of institutional impacts in future definitions and reorientations of innovation policy in Portugal and its administrative organization.
Descrição
Tese especialmente elaborada para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Administração Pública - Especialidade em Administração e Políticas Públicas
Palavras-chave
Administração Pública; mudanças institucionais; políticas de inovação; europeização; Public Administration; institutional changes; innovation policy; Europeanization.
