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O impacto da restrição crónica de sono na função cognitiva e humor em adolescentes
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Introdução: O sono é um processo fisiológico essencial com um papel preponderante em inúmeras funções neurobiológicas. Apesar da sua importância, a sociedade moderna e tecnológica promove um estilo de vida que interfere com os ritmos circadianos, com resultados refletidos nas elevadas prevalências de restrição de sono, ao longo de todas as faixas etárias. Estas restrições voluntárias seguem aparentemente uma tendência crescente ao longo das décadas, e têm efeitos negativos na saúde física e psíquica, contribuindo para o aumento de acidentes rodoviários.
Objetivo: Avaliar, com enfoque na população adolescente, o impacto da restrição crónica de sono na função cognitiva e humor.
Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa não exaustiva de artigos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed e ScienceDirect, tendo sido posteriormente selecionados estudos da última década que consideraram um sono de quantidade insuficiente como aquele < 8 horas e uma exposição crónica como > 5 dias.
Resultados: Foram analisados os principais fatores contributivos para uma restrição crónica de sono na população adolescente, tendo em conta os padrões próprios da idade, bem como os hábitos nocivos e a má higiene de sono que condicionam distúrbios neste processo. Foram selecionados 16 estudos para avaliar a relação cognição-sono e 10 estudos que consideraram a associação humor-sono.
Conclusões: É necessário adotar estratégias que modifiquem comportamentos para contrariar as estatísticas mais recentes que apontam para uma galopante restrição crónica de sono na população adolescente, que se explica, em grande parte, pela crescente adoção de novas tecnologias. As danosas consequências a nível cognitivo e psíquico que advém de um sono insuficiente atingiram forte significância nesta revisão, com aumento de risco para o aparecimento de doenças psiquiátricas, designadamente perturbações depressivas e pior aprendizagem com repercussões sobre os desempenhos escolares.
Introduction: Sleep is an essential physiological process with a prominent role in countless neurobiological mechanisms. Despite its importance, modern society often promotes lifestyles at odds with normal circadian rhythms, that result in a high prevalence of chronic sleep deprivation, throughout all stages and across all walks of life. These voluntary sleep restriction behaviours follow a growing trend along the years and present negative physical and psychological health consequences, contributing towards the ever growing statistics on road accidents. Objectives: The aim of this review is to evaluate the impact of chronic sleep deprivation on cognition and mood, on the adolescent population. Methods: A non-systematic search was conducted through PubMed and ScienceDirect, for literature from 2007 to 2017, with available full text, that assessed mood and cognitive consequences of chronic short sleep, defined as lower than 8 hours per day and over a period of 5 days, in adolescents. Results: The major contributors for chronic sleep deprivation in adolescents were analysed, taking into account the normal sleep patterns for this age range, as well as the noxious habits and bad sleep hygiene disruptive of optimal sleep times. A final sample of 16 studies that evaluated the relationship between sleep and cognition and 10 studies that considered the association between mood and sleep were selected for this review. Conclusions: It’s necessary to begin interventions to induce current sleep behaviour modifications in order to counteract the high incidence of chronic sleep restriction in adolescents, mostly explained by the expanding technology use. Detrimental cognitive consequences such as decreased learning capacity and mood consequences including development of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with reduced total sleep times.
Introduction: Sleep is an essential physiological process with a prominent role in countless neurobiological mechanisms. Despite its importance, modern society often promotes lifestyles at odds with normal circadian rhythms, that result in a high prevalence of chronic sleep deprivation, throughout all stages and across all walks of life. These voluntary sleep restriction behaviours follow a growing trend along the years and present negative physical and psychological health consequences, contributing towards the ever growing statistics on road accidents. Objectives: The aim of this review is to evaluate the impact of chronic sleep deprivation on cognition and mood, on the adolescent population. Methods: A non-systematic search was conducted through PubMed and ScienceDirect, for literature from 2007 to 2017, with available full text, that assessed mood and cognitive consequences of chronic short sleep, defined as lower than 8 hours per day and over a period of 5 days, in adolescents. Results: The major contributors for chronic sleep deprivation in adolescents were analysed, taking into account the normal sleep patterns for this age range, as well as the noxious habits and bad sleep hygiene disruptive of optimal sleep times. A final sample of 16 studies that evaluated the relationship between sleep and cognition and 10 studies that considered the association between mood and sleep were selected for this review. Conclusions: It’s necessary to begin interventions to induce current sleep behaviour modifications in order to counteract the high incidence of chronic sleep restriction in adolescents, mostly explained by the expanding technology use. Detrimental cognitive consequences such as decreased learning capacity and mood consequences including development of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with reduced total sleep times.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017
Palavras-chave
Privação crónica de sono Adolescência Função cognitiva Hábitos de sono Humor Psiquiatria